primary bud necrosis is a physiological disorder that adversely affects the performance and yield in the vineyards. the present study was conducted to determine the time and intensity of bud necrosis incidence as well as the related anatomical changes in the developing buds of grapevine cv. askari. a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design of 4 replications was carried out fo...

No consensus regarding optimal treatment or etiology of Preiser disease exists. We described the epidemiology,classification and treatment characteristics of 18 patients with Preiser disease. Patients with changes related to previoustrauma, and without radiographs were excluded. Based on the radiographs at diagnosis, we classified 13 scaphoids asHerbert Lanzetta stage II, four...