this study had two main steps. the first one was introducing and examining the long’s model of needs analysis (na) for distinguishing the general language needs. by doing the first step, we tried to recognize the shortages of long’s model, in the second step to realize the general language needs of persian language learners and find out what language functions are needed to be learned for gener...

introduction: rapid development of information technology, extent of information, media variety of information and the growing information needs, made librarians to keep pace with these developments in order to respond quickly, accurately and with the quality to needs of users. planning education for librarians depends on the accurate needs assessment studies and the purpose of this study was n...

Proactivity is the ability to take initiative by exhibiting goal-directed behavior. Agents with proactivity can respond to dynamic environment in a timely way. Hence the ability to anticipate the information needs of teammates and assist them proactively is highly desirable. This research is directed toward helping agents produce effective communication through observations. We show how agents ...

Dialogue interaction between customers and products improves presentation of relevant product information in in-store shopping situations. Thus, information needs of customers can be addressed more intuitive. In this article, we describe how access to product information can be improved based on dynamic linkage of heterogeneous knowledge representations. We therefore introduce a conceptual mode...

The Emma Search (EmSe) demonstrator developed for the Emma Children’s Hospital showcases the PuppyIR project and PuppyIR framework for building information services for children.

There are very few items of medical equipment specifically designed for hyperbaric use; and little information is available about medical equipment already tested for hyperbaric use. Hyperbaricists are usually left to their own devices in making a determination about the safe and effective use of standard medical equipment in the hyperbaric setting. This article proposes a logical and systemati...

Requirements engineers can make use of a great many techniques to elicit user needs. However, there is no comprehensive practical guide on how to select the best techniques for a particular contextual situation within a software development project. We propose a framework to support developer decision making on which are the best elicitation techniques for the project at hand. Our framework ide...