abstractthe current study examined the modification devices (mds) used by non-native speakers (nnss) learning efl during dyadic task-based interactions. three meaning-oriented tasks, namely picture-description, spot-the-difference, and opinion-exchange, were used to elicit data from 24(12 male and 12 female, forming 4 male-male, 4 female-female, and 4 male-female dyads) iranian efl learners wit...

We argue that negotiation over the meaning of terms in a statement is part of human discussion and that it can lead to richer theories. We describe our preliminary model of semantic negotiation and discuss theoretical examples which we hope to implement. Finally we consider how semantic negotiation fits into existing work on argumentation.

Expressive AI is a hybrid practice, combining artificial intelligence (AI) research and art making, that simultaneously focuses on the negotiation of meaning mediated by an art object and the internal structure of AI systems. These two apparently disparate views are unified through the concept of affordance: negotiation of meaning is conditioned by interpretive affordances while the internal st...

agent-based negotiation is one of the interesting approaches in the field of automated negotiation in the e-commerce world. establishment an automated negotiation needs to develop a mechanism for it and it is obvious that users would accept a mechanism that is reliable alternative for negotiating individual. therefore, the need to developing efficient and reliable agent-based negotiation mechan...

Most computational accounts of dialogue have assumed that once listeners have interpreted an utterance, they never change this interpretation. However, human interactions routinely violate this assumption. This is because people are necessarily limited in how much information they can make explicit. As a result, misunderstandings might occur--discourse participants might differ in their beliefs...

Despite numerous efforts, the problem of dynamically reconciling heterogeneity within open distributed multi-agent systems is far from solved. As different systems often use their own vocabularies to express the content of communication messages (ontologies), semantic reconciliation requires some form of agreement over a shared model, obtained through an alignment whereby concepts in the reques...

A number of CALL studies suggest the potential benefits of network-based communication for L2 acquisition, focusing on its nature for inducing negotiation of meaning. This study examined negotiation of meaning that took place between students and native speakers of Japanese over a series of chat conversations and attempted to categorize the difficulties encountered. The data showed that the dif...

In this article, we study the emergence of associations between words and concepts using the self-organizing map. In particular, we explore the meaning negotiations among communicating agents. The self-organizing map is used as a model of an agent’s conceptual memory. The concepts are not explicitly given but they are learned by the agent in an unsupervised manner. Concepts are viewed as areas ...