regarding iranian old cities, neighborhood has been a real place to live, a space for social interaction as well as economic activities. the concept of neighborhood has always been accompanied with senses of well-being, security and identity. in parallel with urban developments and changing lifestyles, neighborhoods have also faced the significant changes. in tehran as the capital, the changes ...

background: the purpose of this study is to determine association between personal, family, neighborhood, and social network characteristics and perceived intimacy in the neighborhood by the women. methods: in this cross‑sectional study, we applied a two‑stage sampling method to choose a representative sample of 150 married women and housewives, aged 15 to 49 years, who had education between si...

To reason about geographical objects, it is not only necessary to have more or less complete information about where these objects are located in space, but also how they can change their position, shape, and size over time. In this paper we investigate how calculi discussed in the field of qualitative spatial reasoning (QSR) can be temporalized in order to gain reasoning formalisms that can be...

Given noisy data, function estimation is considered when the unknown function is known a priori to consist of a small number of regions where the function is either convex or concave. When the number of regions is unknown, the model selection problem is to determine the number of convexity change points. For kernel estimates in Gaussian noise, the number of false change points is evaluated as a...

Main methods, algorithms and applications of the Variable Neighborhood Search metaheuristic are surveyed, in view of a chapter of the Encyclopedia of Optimization.

Evidence documents associations between neighborhood design and active and sedentary forms of travel. Most studies compare travel patterns for people located in different types of neighborhoods at one point in time adjusting for demographics. Most fail to account for either underlying neighborhood selection factors (reasons for choosing a neighborhood) or preferences (neighborhoods that are pre...