The specific surface area of the dispersed phase in suspensions, emulsions, bubble columns and aerosols plays a decisive role increasement heat mass transfer processes. This has direct effect on space-time yield large-scale chemical/process engineering production plants. Initial investigations show that an easy-to-install optical backscatter sensor outputs as primary signal under certain bounda...

LATEX/IgM, a rapid agglutination test for the semi-quantitative detection of IgM in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with African trypanosomiasis, is described in this article. The lyophilized reagent has been designed for field use and remains stable at 45 degrees C for one year. The test has been evaluated on cerebrospinal fluid samples from trypanosome-infected and non-infected patients, by c...

The increasing cultivation of microalgae in photobioreactors warrants efficient and non-invasive methods to quantify biomass density real time. Nephelometric turbidity assessment, a method that measures light scatter by particles suspension, was introduced already several decades ago but only recently validated as high-throughput tool monitor biomass. depends on the suspended well their physica...

A novel polyzwitterion possessing weak ionic groups could be efficiently synthesized from cellulose phenyl carbonate. Polyanion, polycation, and polyzwitterion are accessible by orthogonal removal of protecting groups. The molecular structure was proofed by FTIR- and NMR spectroscopy. Characteristic properties of the cellulose derivatives, e.g., acid dissociation constants, isoelectric point an...