We thank Dr Grzegorzewka for sharing her results on serum OPG and RANKL levels in dialysis population. With respect to her comments regarding our study, our objective was not to focus on markers, but to use them as a tool for interpretating phosphate elimination. However, we found (results not shown in the manuscript) that OPG serum levels were lower in patients with adynamic disease than in th...

Background Multi-organ disease with cardiac involvement carries a very poor prognosis in Systemic AL Amyloidosis. The risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis is a significant obstacle in assessing cardiac status using CMR in patients with systemic AL amyloidosis who have advanced renal failure. Measurement of myocardial T1 values has been limited until now, due to long breathhold times. We have d...

CASE SUMMARY This case describes a young non-pregnant cat that presented with uterine prolapse in association with an unusual diffuse, polypoid, fibrosing perimetritis and parametritis. Following ovariohysterectomy the cat recovered fully. No intra-abdominal complications were seen on ultrasound examination 3 months postsurgery. At the time of writing, the cat remains healthy. RELEVANCE AND N...

Increasing use is made of extracellular MRI contrast agents that alter the image contrast following intravenous administration; they predominantly shorten the T1 relaxation time of tissues. The degree and location of these changes provide substantial diagnostic information. However gadolinium-based contrast agents (Gd-CA) are not inert drugs. They may cause acute non-renal adverse reactions (e....

BACKGROUND Sodium thiosulfate therapy has been proposed for calcific uremic arteriolopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in hemodialysis patients. The treatment brings 3.7 g (161 mmol) of sodium. How to counterbalance this sodium load was studied. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS Plasma conductivity (Cp) and mass balance index were compared for 20 sessions without thiosulfate...

Background Due to the association of gadolinium with nephrogenic systemic fibrosis in patients with renal insufficiency, nonenhanced methods for peripheral angiography such as quiescent interval single shot (QISS) and subtractive fast spin-echo are of increasing clinical interest. Despite the ability of these methods to depict peripheral vascular pathology, they have limited ability to display ...

Objectives. The actual rate of unnecessary imaging is unknown in our country. In this study we aimed to detect unnecessary computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rates and the radiological quality of these examinations in our hospital. Methods. CT/MRI request documents of 1,713 patients who had multidetector CT or MRI examination in a 2-month period at a single tertiary c...

Background: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was originally licensed as antibody replacement therapy in patients with primary immunodeficiencies. Subsequent experimental use of IVIG during the last several decades, however, has shown that it is effective in numerous medical conditions. Currently there are six United States, Food and Drug Administration approved clinical indications for IVIG in...