In this paper, we study the non-monotone DR-submodular function maximization over integer lattice. Functions lattice have been defined submodular property that is similar to submodularity of set functions. a further extended concept for functions lattice, which captures diminishing return property. Such find many applications in machine learning, social networks, wireless etc. The techniques ca...

The simplest model of a smart spatial redistribution of individuals is proposed. A single-species population is considered, to be composed of two discrete subpopulations inhabiting two stations; migration is a transfer between them. The migration is not random and yields the maximization of net reproduction, with respect to the transaction costs. The organisms are supposed to be globally inform...

A proposed framework using spectral and spatial information is introduced for neural net multisensor data fusion. This consists of a set of independent-sensor neural nets, one for each sensor (type of data), coupled to a fusion net. The neural net of each sensor is trained from a representative data set of the particular sensor to map to a hypothesis space output. The decision outputs from the ...

INTRODUCTION Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of many diseases and injuries, and the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study estimated that 6% of the burden of disease in Denmark is due to alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption thus places a considerable economic burden on society. METHODS We analysed the cost-effectiveness of six interventions aimed at preventing alcohol abuse ...

The existing theory of modularity explains how modular designs create value. We extend this theory to address value appropriation. A product or process design that is modular with respect to intellectual property (IP) allows firms to better capture value in situations where knowledge and value creation are distributed across many actors. We propose a theory of IP modularity based on value maxim...

OBJECTIVE To calculate the national costs of reducing perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus through counseling and voluntary testing of pregnant women and zidovudine treatment of infected women and their infants, as recommended by the Public Health Service, and to compare these costs with the savings from reducing the number of pediatric infections. METHOD The authors analyze...

BACKGROUND This study explored the effect of screening and treatment of refugees for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) before entrance to the United States as a strategy for reducing active tuberculosis (TB). The purpose of this study was to estimate the costs and benefits of LTBI screening and treatment in United States bound refugees prior to arrival. METHODS Costs were included for fore...

BACKGROUND In spite of government efforts, maternal mortality in Tanzania is currently at more than 400 per 100,000 live births. Community-based interventions that encourage safe motherhood and improved health-seeking behaviour through acquiring knowledge on the danger signs and improving birth preparedness, and, ultimately, reduce maternal mortality, have been initiated in different parts of l...

Low population density and large distance from civilization centers generate high costs of isolation. Immigration reduces these costs for veteran residents but reduces social and cultural cohesion, increases the demand for scarce resources and affects the rate of urban unemployment. An expected net benefit maximization model for determining the optimal population size and the equilibrium urban-...