embryonic stem cells (escs) are derived from the inner cell mass (icm) of blastocyst and differentiate into all three embryonic germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm. in this study, escs are derived from hand made cloning (hmg) blastocysts and their efficiencies compared to escs derived from in vitro fertilization (ivf) embryos. feeder layer was used for escs culture, and culture medium...

Self-location plays a crucial role in framework of autonomous navigation, especially GNSS/radio-denied environment. At the current time, self-location for artificial agents still has to resort visual and laser technologies deep neural networks, which cannot model environments effectively, some dynamic complex scenes. Instead, researchers have attempted transplant navigation principle mammals in...

Abstract The neuroimmune system is complex and regulated by small chemical messengers released from resident immune neuronal cells. Catecholamines like dopamine norepinephrine are important responsible for initiating propagating messages between neurons cells; however, the mechanism dynamics of this signaling relatively unknown. presence intracellular machinery to synthesize interact with catec...

GABAergic neuronal cell grafting has promise for treating a multitude of neurological disorders including epilepsy, age-related memory dysfunction, Alzheimer's disease and schizophrenia. However, identification of an unlimited source of GABAergic cells is critical for advancing such therapies. Our previous study implied that reprogramming of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) th...

background: melatonin has receptors in substantia nigra pars compacta (snc) and regulates development of dopaminergic (da) neurons. this study was undertaken to determine ability of melatonin to protect snc dopaminergic neuron loss induced by estrogen deficiency in ovariectomized rats. methods: female rats were randomized into four groups of seven each: control, ethanol sham, ovariectomy (ovx) ...

Frog ribonucleases have been demonstrated to have anticancer activities. However, whether RC-6 ribonuclease exerts anticancer activity on human embryonal carcinoma cells remains unclear. In the present study, RC-6 induced cytotoxicity in NT2 cells (a human embryonal carcinoma cell line) and our studies showed that RC-6 can exert anticancer effects and induce caspase-9 and -3 activities. Moreove...