He semantic sign system is considered, represented by two different sets of elements, through which creative objects are created, correlated with the natural activity man and Nature, reproducing numerous species living organisms. Using concepts definitions work processes in neural networks, principles creating transmitter images considered. Formalizing creation objects, a topological computatio...

this review gives an overview of our recent findings and developments in research on brain mechanisms of morphine reward from studies using the place preference conditioning paradigm. intracranial place conditioning methodology has become a valuable and firmly established and very widely used tool in behavioural pharmacology and drug reward mechanisms. several studies have established that morp...

Extracellular neurotransmitter concentrations vary over a wide range depending on the type of neurotransmitter and location in the brain. Neurotransmitter homeostasis near a synapse is achieved by a balance of several mechanisms including vesicular release from the presynapse, diffusion, uptake by transporters, nonsynaptic production, and regulation of release by autoreceptors. These mechanisms...

Genetic variation in neurotransmitter receptors have been shown to be associated with various behavioral and mental disorders. Presentation of disease-neurotransmitter receptor relationship in a comprehensive manner would prove useful for future experimental as well as computational work. In this study, we approach the relationship of neurotransmitter receptors to mental and behavioral disorder...