Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and certain TRH analogs show substantial neuroprotective effects in experimental brain or spinal cord trauma but also have other physiological actions (autonomic, analeptic, and endocrine) that may be undesirable for the treatment of neurotrauma in humans. We developed a novel TRH analog (2-ARA-53a), with substitutions at the NH2-terminus and imidazole ring, ...

The one-year birth cohort of 12 058 children, 96% of all children born in the two northernmost provinces of Finland, Oulu and Lapland, in 1966 was studied prospectively up to the age of 14 years. During this period 14 children, 1.2 per thousand, were lost from the follow-up. Data on development, mortality, and morbidity were collected prospectively by means of questionnaires and from various re...

Sadly many military veterans, who left home to serve their country honorably, return from service with permanent life-changing injuries. It is easy to remember our debt to those who have incurred such visible injuries, and all too easy to forget the invisible wounds that afflict so many of our military servicemen and women. Brain injuries can be invisible during initial medical evaluations and ...

BACKGROUND It is essential to use a definition that is precise and accurate for the surveillance of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) and spinal cord injuries (SCI). This paper reviews the International Classification of Diseases 10th revision (ICD-10) definitions used internationally to inform the definition for neurotrauma surveillance using administrative data in Ontario, Canada. METHODS PubM...

Astrocytes have multiple functions in the central nervous system (CNS), e.g control of the formation, function and removal of neuronal synapses, control of blood flow, and they play a role in brain responses to neurotrauma and stroke. In CNS injury, stroke, or in neurodegenerative diseases, astrocytes upregulate the expression of intermediate filament (nanofilament) proteins glial fibrillary ac...

traumatic basal ganglia hematoma is a rare condition defined as presence of hemorrhagic lesions in basal ganglia or adjacent structures suchas internal capsule, putamen and thalamus. bilateral basal ganglia hematoma are among the devastating and rare condition. we herein report a 28-year old man, a victim of car-car accident who was brought to our surgical emergency room by immediate loss of co...

The purpose of this article is to raise nurses' awareness of the significance and potential public health impact of combat-related blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) in U.S. troops returning from Afghanistan and Iraq. A comprehensive review of the current literature on BINT was completed by the author, based primarily on combat-related blast exposure in the military population. She found that it ...

Based on media reports, neurotrauma has emerged as the signature wound in the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). Brain trauma is frequently the result of blast injury, producing a unique syndrome with a high incidence of traumatic sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and vasospasm. Cortical spreading depolarizations (CSD) are a pathologic short-circuiting of brain function that cause secondary brain dam...

OBJECTIVE Helicopter ambulance transport (HAT) is a highly resource-intensive facility that is a well-established part of the trauma transport system in many developed countries. Here, we review the benefit of HAT for neurosurgical patients in Korea. METHODS This retrospective study followed neurotrauma patients who were transferred by HAT to a single emergency trauma center over a period of ...