Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Current medical therapies exhibit limited efficacy in reducing neurological injury and the prognosis for patients remains poor. While most research is focused on the direct protection of neuronal cells, non-neuronal cells, such as astrocytes, may exert an active role in the pathogenesis of TBI. Astrocy...

Paralysis after stroke or neurotrauma is among the leading causes of long term disability in adults. The development of brain-computer-interface (BCI) systems that allow online classification of electric or metabolic brain activity and their translation into control signals of external devices or computers have led to two major approaches in tackling the problem of paralysis. While assistive BC...

Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) is a major societal concern due to the complex expression of neuropathological disorders after exposure to blast. Disruptions in neuronal function, proximal in time to the blast exposure, may eventually contribute to the late emergence of the clinical deficits. Besides complications with differential clinical diagnosis, the biomolecular mechanism underlying BINT...

significant reduction in morbidity and mortality rates in a wide range of critically ill patients when insulin therapy is used to maintain normoglycemia within a narrow range (80 to 110 mg/dl). Specific subpopulations in which glycemic control appears to be of particular importance include patients with cardiac disease, neurotrauma, or sepsis. The mechanism(s) associated with the detrimental ef...

The Purdue Neurotrauma Group began in 2009 to study causes and consequences of concussion in youth athletes in an effort to understand why, in a two-player collision that produced a diagnosed injury, it was only one— rather than each—athlete that evidenced symptoms. Our work applies the concept of structural health monitoring (Bond et al. 2014; Kim et al. 2014), without intervention, to charact...

We have read with interest the results of the survey by Cnossen et al. [1], in which the authors affirm that substantial variation was found regarding monitoring and treatment policies in TBI patients and intracranial hypertension among 66 European neurotrauma centers. We observe that this result is no different from the conclusion of a similar survey on blood transfusion and coagulation manage...

Anemia may worsen neurological outcomes following traumatic brain injury (TBI) by undefined mechanisms. We hypothesized that hemodilutional anemia accentuates hypoxic cerebral injury following TBI. Anesthetized rats underwent unilateral TBI or sham injury (n > or = 7). Target hemoglobin concentrations between 50 and 70 g/l were achieved by exchanging 40-50% of the blood volume (1:1) with pentas...