The cerebral cortex is organized into six cell layers, each of which contains neurons with similar morphology, functions, gene-expression profiles, and projection patterns. These layer-specific neuronal phenotypes are sequentially generated from common cortical progenitor cells in the ventricular zone of dorsal telencephalon. Although recent investigations have clarified important roles of intr...

Increasing numbers of children are suffering from hypoxia-related visual impairments such as retinopathy prematurity. This study aimed to investigate whether all trans retinoic acid reverses hypoxia related in retinal vasculature. Oxygen induced model was established mouse and the expression ciliary neurotrophic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor inducible 1 detected. We found that leve...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent studies reported that apoptosis was involved in the pathogenesis of early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to examine whether sodium orthovanadate (SOV) prevents post-SAH apoptosis by modulating growth factors and its downstream receptor tyrosine kinases. Method- Rats were operated on with the endovascular perforation mode...