Constitutive activation of the nuclear factor-κ B (NF-κB) pathway is a hallmark of the activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Recurrent mutations of NF-κB regulators that cause constitutive activity of this oncogenic pathway have been identified. However, it remains unclear how specific target genes are regulated. We identified the atypical nuclear IκB pro...

Hyaluronan (HA) of high molecular weight is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by intra-articular injection. While HA has been shown to suppress nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation by proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), intracellular upstream events that cause NF-κB down-regulation in response to HA remain unclear. Thus, this study was performed t...

The IKK/NF-κB pathway is an essential signalling process initiated by the cell as a defence against viral infection like influenza virus. This pathway is therefore a prime target for viruses attempting to counteract the host response to infection. Here, we report that the influenza A virus NS1 protein specifically inhibits IKK-mediated NF-κB activation and production of the NF-κB induced antivi...

The non-receptor tyrosine phosphatase SHP2 has scaffolding functions in signal transduction cascades downstream of growth receptors. A recent study suggested that SHP2 acts as a tumor suppressor during hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. Herein we examined whether SHP2 links the HBx-NF-κB pathway to EGFR signaling during HCC development. The overexpression of HBx or NF-κB led to increas...

Abstract Background Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a fatal gastrointestinal disorder in neonates and has very limited therapeutic options. Sialylated human milk oligosaccharides (SHMOs) improve pathological changes experimental NEC models. The objectives of this study were to investigate the involvement NLRP3 inflammasome pathology explore effects SHMOs on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/n...

We have previously demonstrated that ginsenoside 20(S)-Rh2 is a potent ABCB1 inhibitor and explored the cellular pharmacokinetic mechanisms for its synergistic effect on the cytotoxicity of adriamycin. The present studies were conducted to elucidate the key factors that influenced ABCB1 expression which could further alter adriamycin cellular pharmacokinetics. Meanwhile, the influence of 20(S)-...

Activation of the angiotensin type 1A receptor (AT1AR) in rat aorta vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMC) results in increased synthesis of the proinflammatory enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). We previously showed that nuclear localization of internalized AT1AR results in activation of transcription of the gene for COX-2, i.e., prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2. Others have suggested that AN...

Hypoxia is a feature of the microenvironment in a number of chronic inflammatory conditions due to increased metabolic activity and disrupted perfusion at the inflamed site. Hypoxia contributes to inflammation through the regulation of gene expression via key oxygen-sensitive transcriptional regulators including the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) and NF-κB. Recent studies have revealed a high d...

Several cell stresses induce nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation, which include irradiation, oxidation, and UV. Interestingly, serum-starving stress-induced NF-κB activation in COS cells, but not in COS-A717 cells. COS-A717 is a mutant cell line of COS cells that is defective of the NF-κB signaling pathway. We isolated genes with compensating activity for the NF-κB pathway and one gene enc...

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of miRNA-146a in modulating the function of vascular smooth muscle cells in a rat model of coronary heart disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells were isolated and cultured from the rat coronary heart disease model and normal rats (controls). miRNA-146a levels were measured in vascular smooth muscle cells obtained from rats with coronary heart dis...