The Becci-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) operator quantization of a finitedimensional gauge system featuring two quadratic super Hamiltonian and m linear supermomentum constraints is studied as a model for quantizing generally covariant gauge theories. The proposed model “completely” mimics the constraint algebra of general relativity. The Dirac constraint operators are identified by realizing the B...

This is a toy example to illustrate some of the techniques of fusion and transfer as described in Gorenstein’s text Finite Groups. Finite groups with a unique subgroup of order p (p an odd prime) are classified in terms of a cyclic p′-extension of relatively simple combinatorial data. This note is intended to address a slightly misstated exercise in somewhat more detail and to be a toy example ...

We determine the number of nilpotent matrices of order n over Fq that are selfadjoint for a given nondegenerate symmetric bilinear form, and in particular find the number of symmetric nilpotent matrices.

Let G be a complex simple algebraic group and let g be its Lie algebra. A nilpotent orbit O in g is an orbit of a nilpotent element of g by the adjoint action of G on g. Then O admits a natural symplectic 2-form ω and the nilpotent orbit closure Ō has symplectic singularities in the sense of [Be] and [Na3] (cf. [Pa], [Hi]). In [Ri], Richardson introduced the notion of so-called the Richadson or...

Let g be a complex simple Lie algebra. Fix a Borel subalgebra b and a Cartan subalgebra t ⊂ b. The nilpotent radical of b is denoted by u. The corresponding set of positive (resp. simple) roots is ∆ (resp. Π). An ideal of b is called ad-nilpotent, if it is contained in [b, b]. The theory of ad-nilpotent ideals has attracted much recent attention in the work of Kostant, Cellini-Papi, Sommers, an...

In this paper, first we introduce the notions of k-nilpotent (solvable) ideals and BCK-algebras. Specially, show that every commutative ideal is 1-nilpotent (solvable). Second, state an equivalent condition to k-nilpotency (solvablity) BCK-algebra. Finally, study n-fold 2-nilpotent BCK-algebras as a generalization BCK-algebras, relation between these two concepts. Basically, compare solvable (B...

Throughout, R represents a ring and (R) denotes the commutator ideal of R. For any x,y in R, [x,y] = xy −yx is the usual commutator. A word w(x,y) is a product in which each factor is x or y . The empty word is defined to be 1. We now state formally the definition of a subweakly periodic ring. Definition 1. A ring R is called subweakly periodic if every x in R\J can be written in the form x = a...

Let N be a simply connected nilpotent Lie group and let S = N o (R+)d be a semidirect product, (R+)d acting on N by diagonal automorphisms. Let (Qn, Mn) be a sequence of i.i.d. random variables with values in S. Under natural conditions, including contractivity in the mean, there is a unique stationary measure ν on N for the Markov process Xn = MnXn−1 + Qn. We prove that for an appropriate homo...

In order to model concurrency, we extend automata theory from the usual word languages (sets of labelled linear orders) to sets of labelled series-parallel posets | or, equivalently, to sets of terms in an algebra with two product operations: sequential and parallel. We rst consider languages of posets having bounded width, and characterize them using depth-nilpotent algebras. Next we introduce...