background nafld/nash is a manifestation of metabolic syndrome and is associated with obesity/overweight. not all obese/overweight individuals develop nash. gastro-esophageal reflux disease (gerd) is considered a gastrointestinal manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with obesity/overweight. again not all obese/overweight individuals develop gerd. recent data show associatio...

The requirement of light for the reduction of nitrate by higher plants has been under investigation for sonme time. Burstronm (2) obtained evidence that wheat leaves would reduce nitrate in the light but not in the dark. He concluded that nitrate reduction was directly linked to a photochemical reaction, or that it occurred concomitantly with the fixation and reduction of carbon dioxide. In con...

The nitrate reductase complex from Chlorella pyrenoidosa has been purified by a procedure which includes as main steps, ammonium sulfate fractionation, polyethylene glycol treatment, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The Michaelis constants for NADH, FAD, and NO(3) (-) in the NADH-nitrate reductase assay are 10 mum, 2.6 mum, and 0.23 mm, respectively. Heat treatment exerts varying effects on t...

The influence of growth conditions on assimilatory and respiratory nitrate reduction in Aerobacter aerogenes was studied. The level of nitrate reductase activity in cells, growing in minimal medium with nitrate as the sole nitrogen source, was much lower under aerobic than anaerobic conditions. Further, the enzyme of the aerobic cultures was very sensitive to sonic disintegration, as distinct f...

The 4S cytochrome c (Cyt c) reductase activity of several plant species was markedly stimulated by cyanide and ferrocyanide but those of the 8S nitrate reductase component and other particulate components of the maize (Zea mays L.) scutellum by comparison, were increased only slightly. The effect of cyanide and ferrocyanide was not due to elimination of cytochrome oxidase interference but resul...

Seven known genes control Pseudomonas aeruginosa nitrate assimilation. Three of the genes, designated nas, are required for the synthesis of assimilatory nitrate reductase: nasC encodes a structural component of the enzyme; nasA and nasB encode products that participate in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor of the enzyme. A fourth gene (nis) is required for the synthesis of assimilator...

The phototrophic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus E1F1 assimilates nitrate under anaerobic phototrophic growth conditions. A 17 kb DNA region encoding the nitrate assimilation (nas) system of this bacterium has been cloned and sequenced. This region includes the genes coding for a putative ABC (ATP-binding cassette)-type nitrate transporter (nasFED) and the structural genes for the enzymes nitr...

During anaerobic growth, nitrate induces synthesis of the anaerobic respiratory enzymes formate dehydrogenase-N and nitrate reductase. This induction is mediated by a transcription activator, the narL gene product. The narX gene product may be involved in sensing nitrate and phosphorylating NARL. We isolated narX mutants, designated narX*, that caused nitrate-independent expression of the forma...

Plasmid pFR400. a derivative of the vector plasmid pPHU231 containing the structural genes of the peri­ plasmic nitrate reductase (nap genes) of Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM 158 (F. Reyes et al., Molec. Microbiol. 19, 1307-1318 [1996]) was transferred by conjugative mating to a streptomycin-resistant strain of the nitrate reductase-negative nonsulfur purple bacterium Rho­ dospirillum rubrum SI. ...

Nitrate uptake in Neurospora crassa has been investigated under various conditions of nitrogen nutrition by measuring the rate of disappearance of nitrate from the medium and by determining mycelial nitrate accumulation. The nitrate transport system is induced by either nitrate or nitrite, but is not present in mycelia grown on ammonia or Casamino Acids. The appearance of nitrate uptake activit...