This study investigates recent determinants of revenue in North America’s four major professional sports leagues. Estimates reveal that revenue is positively associated with winning in baseball (MLB), basketball (NBA), and hockey (NHL), but not in football (NFL). The returns to winning are not diminishing as commonly assumed, which casts doubt on the uncertainty of outcome hypothesis, and diffe...

Introduction The identification of atoms, anions and cations in protein structure electron density is often inferred from the temperature factor of the atom and from its coordination distances to surrounding amino acids. In many cases unambiguous identification is not possible without the use of additional techniques. Mass spectrometry analysis methods [1] have advanced significantly over the p...