Although political participation can take many different forms within a democratic regime, there is no doubt that in one way or another the notion is central to the very idea of a democracy. It is difficult to find a piece of research reported in contemporary journals of political science that does not purport to describe some form of political participation: studies of the voter, the party act...

at present, new tendencies in international commercial arbitration try to delocalize and gives more independence to arbitration, from national laws. the ultimate degree of this independency is demonstrated in lex mercatoria theory. in recent years this theory has been gone beyond the frontiers of pure theory and entered into the national laws of some countries such as netherlands, france and in...

This round table grew out of two gatherings in 2018–19 that endeavoured to bring musicologists into dialogue with recent revisions the history international relations. 1 Our specific focus was interwar period, more often discussed terms nationalism – or perhaps at best transnationalism than within context internationalism, a principle lay behind foundation elite governmental organizations such ...

There is a global commitment to eliminate trachoma by 2020.1 Many different governmental and non-governmental agencies, in conjunction with industry, are working hard to achieve this aim. It relies on implementing the whole SAFE strategy: surgical treatment for trichiasis (S), widespread distribution of antibiotics (A), face-washing with other hygiene measures (F), and environmental improvement...

Disruption caused by decades of war and civil strife in Afghanistan has led many international and national nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to assume responsibility for the delivery of health services through contracts with donor agencies. Recently the Afghan Government has pursued the policy of contracting for a basic package of health services (BPHS) supported by funds from three major d...