To reduce complexity, we base our system on alliances—a set of agents that agree to share some private information and eventually cooperate. In CPlanT, each agent represents a complex, organized entity—such as a non-governmental organization (NGO), humanitarian organization, or army unit— that plays an active role in mission planning. These agents group themselves in various, temporary coalitio...

Non-Governmental Organizations plays an important role in the development sector through participatory people cooperation. NGOs are widely recognized for filling gaps created by governments' failure to satisfy needs of poorest residents developing countries. The number activities undertaken has widened near future. It may range from awareness creation much broad which includes humanitarian issu...

The worldwide costs of dementia are US$315 billion [1]. Monthly costs of Alzheimer’s disease in Spain are 1,426 per month [2]. What is the purpose, value, and usefulness of such statements? The number of Cost of Illness (CoI) studies is steadily increasing. For almost any high resource-consuming disease, there is some kind of CoI estimate available. There is also a kind of ongoing CoI rally. Li...

Abbreviations: A/C: Area in Charges; AFP: Acute Flaccid Paralysis; AFP: Acute Flaccid Paralysis; CNIC: Computerized National Identity Card; cVDPV2: Circulating Vaccine Derived Polio Vaccine Virus type 2; DDM: Direct Dis-imbursement Method; DEWS: Disease Early Warning System; DHMT: District Health Management Team; DHMT: District Health Management Team; DHOs: District Health Offices; DPT: Diphthe...

In addition to the proliferation of private, fee-paying schools in India, nongovernmental organisations (NGOs) play an important role in providing educational services, especially in un-served and under-served communities. This paper uses qualitative research to critically examine the nature and potential of NGO provision of primary schooling in India. In particular, it explores the contributio...

Peaceful Coexistence? The Role of Religious Schools and NGOs in the Growth of Female Secondary Schooling in Bangladesh BRAC, a non-governmental organization (NGO), runs a large number of non-formal primary schools in Bangladesh which target out-of-school children from poor families. These schools are well-known for their effectiveness in closing gender gap in primary school enrolment. On the ot...

This paper proposes a theoretical explanation for the impact of ‘social expectation’ on the growth of civil society in Japan. Why has civil society developed as it has in Japan? Contrary to the image of Japan as a ‘strong and controlling’ nation-state, we find that private citizens—the nongovernmental organization (NGO) leaders, scholars on community planning, and younger liberal politicians—se...

Our paper applies new institutional economics theory to a unique data set of the world‘s low-income economies to examine the association between host governments‘ social policies and their ability to attract foreign direct investment. We add to this another new data set to explore the direct and indirect role of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) in the business-society-government interface. ...

The challenges facing efforts in Africa to increase access to antiretroviral HIV treatment underscore the urgent need to strengthen national health systems across the continent. However, donor aid to developing countries continues to be disproportionately channeled to international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) rather than to ministries of health. The rapid proliferation of NGOs has prov...

Over the past two decades, non-governmental organisations (NGOs) have increased in number, size and scope and established themselves in pivotal positions in social, economic and political landscapes across the globe. Their role in the development world specifically has been transformed. Originally situated on the periphery of the development community and often directly opposed to its mainstrea...