We show how the law of mass action can be derived from a thermodynamic basis, in the presence of temperature gradients, chemical potential gradients and hydrodynamic flow. The solution gives the law of mass action for the forward and the reverse contributions to the net chemical reaction. In addition we derive the fluctuation-dissipation theorem for the fluctuating contributions to the reaction...

The non-isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is a classical yet complex case study of nonlinear dynamical systems. Power-shaping control is a recent approach for the control of nonlinear systems based on the physics of the dynamical system and it rests on the formulation of the dynamics in the Brayton-Moser form. The Brayton-Moser formulation of the non-isothermal continuous stirre...

This review covers both the history and present state of the kinetics of thermally stimulated reactions in solids. The traditional methodology of kinetic analysis, which is based on ® tting data to reaction models, dates back to the very ® rst isothermal studies. The model ® tting approach suŒers from an inability to determine the reaction model uniquely, and this does not allow reliable mechan...