The authors find evidence of income convergence across all substate labor markets in the lower forty-eight U.S. states during the 1969 to 1999 period. However, convergence is not expressed in a uniform way across metropolitan/nonmetropolitan regions, across time periods, or across census regions. The authors show that catching up within the distribution is more common for nonmetropolitan region...

To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally-funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Discussed in this Brief: A research project designed to demonstrate the contributions that Geograp...

Over the past few years, metropolitan crime has fallen significantly in the United States while nonmetropolitan crime has continued to increase. This paper examines nonmetropolitan crime during the period 1977-1995, and describes its spatial dynamics and changing characteristics. The paper outlines standard economic, sociological, and regional science approaches to explaining geographical varia...

OBJECTIVES To determine the epidemiology of pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) in a midwestern state and to examine differences between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan residents. DESIGN Population-based case series. PARTICIPANTS Patients aged 0-19 years sustaining TBI in 1993 that resulted in hospitalization or death. INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Incidence, mortality a...

The overall age-adjusted rate of motor vehicle traffic deaths in the United States decreased 25% from 14.6 deaths per 100,000 population in 2005 to 10.9 in 2015. During this period, the rate declined in each of the county groupings, with the largest decline of 26% in the large fringe metropolitan and micropolitan counties and the smallest decline of 20% in rural counties. For both years, the ra...

Older blacks migrated to nonmetropolitan (nonmetro) communities in the 1990s to a degree not true of the past. Some of the nonmetro counties that attracted them are well-known retirement areas also favored by other retirees, mostly whites. Two-thirds of black retirement counties, however, are areas in the Old South that are not attracting other retirees at a substantial rate, if at all. Althoug...

Overall, the percentage of adults aged ≥18 years that walked as a method of transportation increased from 29.4% in 2005 to 32.5% in 2015. A similar pattern was observed for adults residing in metropolitan locations (31.2% to 34.1%) but there was no change for those residing in nonmetropolitan locations (22.4% to 22.2%). Regardless of year, adults residing in metropolitan locations were more lik...