in this research, a new mathematical modeling on strength changes due to reservoir elastic stresses across the preexisting fault plane is introduced. the method has been applied to the dalpari fault, which is one of the potential seismic sources in the vicinity of the karkheh reservoir. in this method the distribution of total stress across the fault cannot be determined because the initial str...

Study of the interaction of shear horizontal guided mode with defects in the bend region of an isotropic top hat stiffener is presented. Compared with the SH0 wave in a plate, the shear mode in the bend is dispersive and its wavefield characteristics are affected by the curvature of the bend. The scattering studies showed that the sensitivity of the wave to outer surface cracks in the bend incr...

The one-phase flow and the two-phase flow in a fluidic element are investigated by measuring Reynolds stress distributions of the main jets using the laser Doppler velocimeter. In the one-phase flow, a water flow jets from a main nozzle into water and in the two-phase flow, a water fiow jets into air. Some results with the one-phase flow are as follows. When either of the two control ports is c...

Sickle cell trait (SCT) is a condition in which an individual inherits one sickle hemoglobin gene (HbS) and one normal beta hemoglobin gene (HbA). It has been hypothesized that under extreme physical stress, the compromised mechanical properties of the red blood cells (RBCs) may be the underlying mechanism of clinical complications of sickle cell trait individuals. However, whether sickle cell ...

Introduction The effects of mechanical force induced by fluid shear stress on the activity of several signal transduction pathways in endothelial cells is well documented (for a review, see Resnick and Gimbrone, Jr, 1995). Mechanical forces, such as those generated by fluid shear stress, are sensed at the cell surface (at adhesion points) by ␤1 and ␤3 integrins, and transduced through the cell ...

Several surfactant molecules self-assemble in solution to form long, flexible wormlike micelles which get entangled with each other, leading to viscoelastic gel phases. We discuss our recent work on the rheology of such a gel formed in the dilute aqueous solutions of a surfactant CTAT. In the linear rheology regime, the storage modulus G(ω) and loss modulus G(ω) have been measured over a wide f...

The adaptation of vascular endothelial cells to shear stress alteration induced by global hemodynamic changes, such as those accompanying exercise or digestion, is an essential component of normal endothelial physiology in vivo. An understanding of the transient regulation of endothelial phenotype during adaptation to changes in mural shear will advance our understanding of endothelial biology ...

In the present paper the applicability of state and rate dependent friction laws in describing the phenomena of high speed slip at metal-on-metal interfaces is investigated. For the purpose of model validation, results of plate-impact pressure-shear friction experiments were conducted by Irfan in 1998 and Irfan and Prakash in 2000 using a Ti6Al4V and Carpenter Hampden tool-steel tribo pair are ...

This paper focuses on a hydraulic radius separation approach used to calculate the boundary shear stress in terms of bed and wall shear stress proposed in a trapezoidal channel. The average bed and sidewall shear stress in smooth trapezoidal open channels are derived after using Guo & Julien (2005) early equations taking a part of an investigation to cover both rectangular and trapezoidal chann...