Approximately 20% of North American minnows are considered imperiled. The factors responsible for imperilment in this group are complex, but the relationship of spawning mode to conservation of North American minnows has not been explored. 1 provide a summary of the spawning modes of imperiled North American minnows, discuss patterns between these modes and conservation status, and predict the ...

An analysis of the effect of local preconditioning on boundary conditions for the subsonic, one-dimensional Eulcr equations is prcscntcd. Dccay rates for the cigcnmodcs of the initial boundary valuc problem arc determined for different boundary conditions. Ricmann invariant boundary conditions based on the unprcconditioncd Eulcr cquations are shown to bc reflective with preconditioning, and, at...

We study eigenfunctions φj and eigenvalues Ej of the Dirichlet Laplacian on a bounded domain Ω ⊂ Rn with piecewise smooth boundary. We bound the distance between an arbitrary parameter E > 0 and the spectrum {Ej} in terms of the boundary L2-norm of a normalized trial solution u of the Helmholtz equation (∆ + E)u = 0. We also bound the L2-norm of the error of this trial solution from an eigenfun...

A decomposition of the numerical solution can be defined by the normal mode representation, that generalizes further the spatial eigenmode decomposition of the von Neumann analysis by taking into account the boundary conditions which are not periodic. In this paper we present some new theoretical results on normal mode analysis for a linear and parabolic initial value problem. Furthermore we su...

We develop an efficient and robust numerical scheme to compute multi-fronts in one-dimensional Real Ginzburg-Landau equations that range from well-separated to strongly interacting and colliding. The scheme is based on the global centre-manifold reduction where one considers an initial sum of fronts plus a remainder function (not necessarily small) and applying a suitable projection based on th...

Although on the same theoretical basis, the current standards of major countries have set out two evidently different distributions of along-wind static equivalent wind loads, one is the same as the mean wind force and the other is the same as the first mode shape, on tall buildings. In this paper, the fluctuating static equivalent wind load is evaluated as mean, background and resonant compone...

A rigorous normal mode error analysis is carried out for two second-order projection type methods. It is shown that although the two schemes provide second-order accuracy for the velocity in L-norm, their accuracies for the velocity in H1-norm and for the pressure in L2-norm are different, and only the consistent splitting scheme introduced in [6] provides full second-order accuracy for all var...