Phytophthora ramorum, the causal agent of sudden oak death and ramorum blight, is known to exist as three distinct clonal lineages which can only be distinguished by performing molecular marker-based analyses. However, in the recent literature there exists no consensus on naming of these lineages. Here we propose a system for naming clonal lineages of P. ramorum based on a consensus established...

Aedes japonicus japonicus (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) has recently expanded beyond its native range of Japan and Korea into large parts of North America and Central Europe. Population genetic studies begun immediately after the species was detected in North America revealed genetically distinct introductions that subsequently merged, likely contributing to the successful expansion. Interact...

Along the Oregon coast there are pockets of exceptionally high diversity of rare lichen species. These include a number of extreme disjunct populations, with affinities to the flora of the southern hemi­ sphere, tropical and subtropical areas, California, northeast Asia, maritime Arctic, eastern North America, and Europe. Only two of these rare species are endemic to the Pacific Northwest. Conc...

s:Toh M, Banvard R, Ackerman M, Rodgers R, Main JS, The Visible Human Project Web Page,Radiological Society of North America, 1996. Toh M, Falk RB, Horowitz S, Main JS, Digital Brain Atlas Using the “Visible Human Project”Data., Visible Human Project Conference, 1996. Hack GD, Raitu P, Kerr JP, Dunn GF, Toh M, Wilson DR, Visualization of the Muscle-DuralBridge in the Visible Hum...

‘‘Many large flocks of birds flew over, coming from the north and flying to the SW. They were more varied in kind than any we had seen before and they were land birds . . . . I know that most of the islands discovered by the Portuguese have been found because of birds.’’—Christopher Columbus, east of Bermuda, 7 October 1492 Several hypotheses have been presented to explain population declines i...

Literature studies in North America (US and Canada), Europe, and Asia (particularly Russia, China, Japan, and the Korean peninsula) were reviewed to identify parasitoid guilds associated with Agrilus woodborers. There are at least 12 species of hymenopteran parasitoids attacking eggs of Agrilus beetles and 56 species (36 genera), attacking Agrilus larvae infesting various host plants in North A...

The Xenarthra were the most successful South American mammals to participate in the Great American Biotic Interchange (GABI) and representatives of each family dispersed to at least the middle latitudes in North America. The ability of xenarthrans to insinuate themselves into the North American fauna suggests their ecology was sufficiently different from endemic North American taxa to avoid dir...

1 Department of Statistics, Machine Learning Department, and Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America, 2 Department of Biostatistics, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, 3 Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North...