PURPOSE To evaluate inter- and intra-rater reliability for the interpretation of MTI Photoscreener photographs taken in a population of Native American preschool children with a high prevalence of astigmatism. METHODS Photographs of 369 children were rated by 11 nonexpert and 3 expert raters. Photographs for each child were scored as pass, refer, or retake. Nonexpert raters scored photos on t...

Weaknesses in the nature of rater judgments are generally considered to compromise the utility of workplace-based assessment (WBA). In order to gain insight into the underpinnings of rater behaviours, we investigated how raters form impressions of and make judgments on trainee performance. Using theoretical frameworks of social cognition and person perception, we explored raters' implicit perfo...

ONE OF THE MORE WIDELY USED TOOLS to both inform course design and measure expert-like skills is Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives for the cognitive domain (2, 13, 22). This tool divides assessment of cognitive skills into six different levels: knowledge/remember, comprehension/understand, application/apply, analysis/analyze, synthesis/create, and evaluation/evaluate (2, 6). The first ...

This paper first analyzed two studies on rater factors and rating criteria to raise the problem of rater agreement. After that the author reveals the causes of discrepencies in rating administration by discussing rater variability and rater bias. The author argues that rater bias can not be eliminated completely, we can only reduce the error to a cetain degree by training raters. The study on r...

This study sought to compare Iranian EFL novice and expert teachers regarding their professional knowledge at Iranian language institutes and universities. To achieve the aim of study, a questionnaire was developed based on the literature, the theoretical framework and the results of a qualitative study. This questionnaire was administered to the whole sample of the study who was 200 Iranian EF...

This study sought to compare Iranian EFL novice and expert teachers regarding their professional knowledge at Iranian language institutes and universities. To achieve the aim of study, a questionnaire was developed based on the literature, the theoretical framework and the results of a qualitative study carried out by Yazdanpanah and Sahragard (2017). This questionnaire was administered to the ...

ONE OF THE MORE WIDELY USED TOOLS to both inform course design and measure expert-like skills is Bloom’s taxonomy of educational objectives for the cognitive domain (2, 13, 22). This tool divides assessment of cognitive skills into six different levels: knowledge/remember, comprehension/understand, application/apply, analysis/analyze, synthesis/create, and evaluation/evaluate (2, 6). The first ...