As precursors to tropospheric ozone and nitrate, nitrogen oxide (NOx) in the present atmosphere and its transformation in response to emission and climate perturbations are studied by using the CAM-Chem model and air quality measurements from the National Emissions Inventory (NEI), Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET), and Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality System (EPA AQS). I...

BACKGROUND: Key steps crucial to the process of tumor progression are genomic instability and escape from apoptosis. Nitric oxide and its interrelated reactive intermediates (collectively denoted as NOX) have been implicated in DNA damage and mutational events leading to cancer development, while also being implicated in the inhibition of apoptosis through S-nitrosation of key apoptotic enzymes...

This study deals with some methods of making human exposure estimates, aimed at describing the human exposure for selected air pollutants in Sweden that are suspected carcinogens. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) have been chosen as an indicator substance for estimating the concentration of the urban plume. Earlier investigations have shown that the traffic in Swedish cities contributes around 85% to the ...

A set of elementary surface reactions is proposed for modeling the chemistry in a lean NOx trap during regeneration (reduction of stored NOx). The proposed reaction mechanism is based on a series of flow reactor temperature ramp experiments performed on a core sample from a fully formulated lean NOx trap catalyst. The experiments used simultaneous flow of NOx and reductant species (H2 and CO) t...

Urban O3 is produced by photochemical chain reactions that amplify background O3 in mixtures of gaseous nitrogen oxides (NOx) and organic molecules. Current thinking treats NOx and organics as independent variables that limit O3 production depending on the NOx to organic ratio; in this paradigm, reducing organics either has no effect or reduces O3. We describe a theoretical counterexample where...

This study investigated the potential contribution of nitric oxide (NOx) production to enhanced fetal hemoglobin (HbF) synthesis in patients with diabetes. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), HbF, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), plasma glucose levels, and serum NOx concentrations were measured in 350 diabetics and 125 healthy subjects. There were no significant correlations between HbF an...

There has been renewed interest in evaluating the effect of biomass co-firing on the multi-pollutant control system such as Selective Non-catalytic Reduction (SNCR) and oxygen enrichment. Emissions savings have been attained by combining SNCR and biomasscoal co-combustion under various oxygen enriched staged air levels. Biomasses with higher tendency of generating CO produced better reduction i...

Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) is responsible for troposphere ozone and urban smog through photochemical reactions. The rapid economic growth and unlimited consumption of fossil fuels have resulted in large emissions of NOx. Due to the adverse environmental effects, environmental regulatory agencies are compelled to enforce stringent NOx emission standards. Recently promulgated Clean Air Interstate R...

Data collected during the 2011 DISCOVER-AQ field campaign in the Baltimore Washington region were used to evaluate CO and NOx emissions in the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The average emissions ratio for the region was seen to be 11.2 ± 1.2 mol CO/mol NOx, 21% higher than that predicted by the NEI. Comparisons between in situ and remote observations and CMAQ model output show agreement i...