Myriad biological processes proceed through states that defy characterization by conventional atomic-resolution structural biological methods. The invisibility of these 'dark' states can arise from their transient nature, low equilibrium population, large molecular weight, and/or heterogeneity. Although they are invisible, these dark states underlie a range of processes, acting as encounter com...

In the Spring of 2013, NMR spectroscopists convened at the Weizmann Institute in Israel to brainstorm on approaches to improve the sensitivity of NMR experiments, particularly when applied in biomolecular settings. This multi-author interdisciplinary Review presents a state-of-the-art description of the primary approaches that were considered. Topics discussed included the future of ultrahigh-f...

Classical structural biology approaches allow structural characterization of biological macromolecules in vitro, far from their physiological context. Nowadays, thanks to the wealth of structural data available and to technological and methodological advances, the interest of the research community is gradually shifting from pure structural determination towards the study of functional aspects ...

Hole burning, which is attributed to optical pumping of nuclear-quadrupole levels, has been observed in the stoichiometric rare-earth compound, EuP5O14 . The long lifetime of these holes (-60 min) implies slow nuclear-spin flip-flop rates. The small magnetic moment of Eu3+ has prevented conventional magnetic-resonance measurements on Eu3+ compounds, but hole burning provides a sensitive method ...

Wood is a hygroscopic biodegradable porous material widely used by men in the past to create artworks. Its total preservation over time quite rare and one of best modalities waterlogging. Observing anatomy waterlogged archaeological wood could also be complicated because its bacterial degradation. However, characterization morphology conservation state fundamental step before starting any resto...

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique for structural studies of chemical compounds and biomolecules such as DNA and proteins. Since the NMR signal sensitively reflects the chemical environment and the dynamics of a nuclear spin, NMR experiments provide a wealth of structural and dynamic information about the molecule of interest at atomic resolution. In general, ...

Natural abundance 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to detect signals from glycogen in the human gastrocnemius muscle. The reproducibility of the measurement was demonstrated, and the ability to detect dynamic changes was confirmed by measuring a decrease in muscle glycogen levels after exercise and its subsequent repletion. Single frequency gated 1H decoupling was used to ob...

As methods for analysis of biomolecular structure and dynamics using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) continue to advance, the resulting 3D structures, chemical shifts, and other NMR data are broadly impacting biology, chemistry, and medicine. Structure model assessment is a critical area of NMR methods development, and is an essential component of the process of making these struc...

A detailed understanding of the function of a biological macromolecule requires knowledge of its three-dimensional structure. Most atomic-resolution structures of biological macromolecules have been solved either by X-ray diffraction in single crystals or by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in solution. This review surveys the method of NMR structure determination. First, a brief introduction t...

iron overload is a clinical problem which can be prevented by using iron chelating agents. an alternative method of relieving iron overload is to reduce iron absorption from the intestine by administering specific iron chelating agents, which can bind iron to form nonabsorbable complexes. based on this strategy, a series of polymeric ligands containing the chelating moiety 3-hydroxypyridin-4-on...