A detailed understanding of the function of a biological macromolecule requires knowledge of its three-dimensional structure. Most atomic-resolution structures of biological macromolecules have been solved either by X-ray diffraction in single crystals or by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in solution. This review surveys the method of NMR structure determination. First, a brief introduction t...

This Perspective article highlights some of the traditional and non-traditional analytical tools that are presently used to characterize aqueous inorganic nanoscale clusters and polyoxometalate ions. The techniques discussed in this article include nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), dynamic and phase analysis light scattering (DLS and PALS), Rama...

in this research, the tacticity and microstructure of polyvinyl chloride (pvc) were studied through back bone methylene and methine carbons and protons splitting by carbon (13c nmr), proton (1h nmr) and two-dimensional (2dnmr) nulear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in deuterated etrahydrofuran.polyvinyl chloride was synthesized by emulsion polymerization of vinyl chloride (vcm) under pressure t...

A specific temperature-dependent conformational transition of hen egg-white lysozyme, occurring between 20 degree C and 30 degree C in solution, has been detected by 13-C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Selective changes in the chemical shifts of aromatic residues, together with differences in the chemical shifts, and nuclear Overhauser enhancement in the carbonyl, carboxyl, and alpha-...

In our previous work, we have shown that the pseudospectral method is an effective and flexible computation scheme for deriving pulses for optimal control of quantum systems. In practice, however, quantum systems often exhibit variation in the parameters that characterize the system dynamics. This leads us to consider the control of an ensemble (or continuum) of quantum systems indexed by the s...

Molecular chaperones are essential in aiding client proteins to fold into their native structure and in maintaining cellular protein homeostasis. However, mechanistic aspects of chaperone function are still not well understood at the atomic level. We use nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to elucidate the mechanism underlying client recognition by the adenosine triphosphate-independent cha...

Knowledge of three-dimensional protein structures is one of the foundations of protein design and protein engineering. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was recently introduced as a second method for protein structure determination, in addition to the well-established diffraction techniques with protein single crystals. This new approach enables one to carry out detailed structural studie...

Stochastic resonance (SR) is a phenomenon wherein the response of a nonlin-ear system to a weak periodic input signal is optimized by the presence of a particular level of noise. Here we present a new method and theory for characterizing SR-type behavior in excitable systems with aperiodic inputs. These novel developments demonstrate that noise can serve to enhance the response of a nonlinear s...

Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Principles and Applications. Carr J. C., Carroll T. J., Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg/New York, 2012. 412 pp. Price $179.00. ISBN 978-1-4419-1685-3 (hardcover).

The first in vivo detection of a vitamin with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is reported for mammalian liver. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, was monitored noninvasively in rat liver by "whole body"13C NMR spectroscopy at high field after infusion of [1,2-13C2]glucose into anesthetized rats. Generally, the carbon resonances of ascorbic acid overlap with those of other highly abundant ...