Heterogeneous nucleation is often the precursor to crystallization in solution-processed organic semiconductor thin films. Here, we study the efficacy of a series of nine small-molecule organic semiconductor additives in seeding the crystallization of solution-processable triethylsilylethynyl anthradithiophene (TES ADT). By systematically varying the concentrations of the additives in TES ADT t...

A theory is developed for the evolution of bainite as a function of time, temperature, chemical composition and austenite grain size. The model takes into account the details of the mechanism of transformation, including the fact that nucleation begins at the austenite grain surfaces, and that the growth of a sheaf occurs by the repeated nucleation of small platelets. Predictions made using the...

In this study, we used molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the atomic ordering in liquid aluminum (Al) adjacent amorphous substrate with smooth and rough surfaces. This study revealed that exhibited layering within about 5 layers but no visible in-plane at interface surface, neither nor surface of substrate. However, induced some local ordered structure by a structural templating...

The influence of lateral adsorbate diffusion on the dynamics of the first-order phase transition in a two-dimensional Ising lattice gas with attractive nearest-neighbor interactions is investigated by means of kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. For example, electrochemical underpotential deposition proceeds by this mechanism. One major difference from adsorption in vacuum surface science is that ...

The Arp2y3 complex, a stable assembly of two actin-related proteins (Arp2 and Arp3) with five other subunits, caps the pointed end of actin filaments and nucleates actin polymerization with low efficiency. WASp and Scar are two similar proteins that bind the p21 subunit of the Arp2y3 complex, but their effect on the nucleation activity of the complex was not known. We report that full-length, r...

Formins are a large family of actin assembly-promoting proteins with many important biological roles. However, it has remained unclear how formins nucleate actin polymerization. All other nucleators are known to recruit actin monomers as a central part of their mechanisms. However, the actin-nucleating FH2 domain of formins lacks appreciable affinity for monomeric actin. Here, we found that yea...

Nucleation mechanisms occurring during dynamic recrystallization play a crucial role in the evolution of microstructures and textures during high temperature deformation. In polycrystalline ice, the strong viscoplastic anisotropy induces high strain heterogeneities between grains which control the recrystallization mechanisms. Here, we study the nucleation mechanisms occurring during creep test...

Nucleation of ordered solid phases of proteins triggers numerous phenomena in laboratory, industry, and in healthy and sick organisms. Recent simulations and experiments with protein crystals suggest that the formation of an ordered crystalline nucleus is preceded by a disordered high-density cluster, akin to a droplet of high-density liquid that has been observed with some proteins; this mecha...

The problem of crystal sizes is one of the central problems of differentiation of a terrestrial magma ocean and it has been an arbitrary parameter in previous models. The crystal sizes are controlled by kinetics of nucleation and crystal growth in a convective magma ocean. In contrast with crystallization in magma chambers, volcanic lavas, dikes, and other relatively well studied systems, nucle...

We synthesised observations of total particle number (CN) concentration from 36 sites around the world. We found that annual mean CN concentrations are typically 300– 2000 cm−3 in the marine boundary layer and free troposphere (FT) and 1000–10 000 cm−3 in the continental boundary layer (BL). Many sites exhibit pronounced seasonality with summer time concentrations a factor of 2–10 greater than ...