The diversity and composition of ecological communities often co-vary with ecosystem productivity. However, the relative importance of productivity, or resource abundance, versus the spatial distribution of resources in shaping those ecological patterns is not well understood, particularly for the bacterial communities that underlie most important ecosystem functions. Increasing ecosystem produ...

Nutrient cycling is a ubiquitous feature of ecosystems at all scales, allowing productivity to rise beyond the limits set by external nutrient inputs. Nutrient cycling occurs as a side-effect of the metabolism of a diverse set of species that each performs a step in the recycling loop. Recycling loops can be large and involve many steps. At each step the possibility exists for ‘side-reactions’ ...

The emergence of third-generation, technology-based public bikeshare schemes offers new opportunities for researching cycling behaviour. In this study, data from one such scheme, the London Cycle Hire Scheme (LCHS), are analysed. Algorithms are developed for summarising and labelling cyclists’ usage behaviours and tailored visual analysis applications are designed for exploring their spatiotemp...

Introduction Conclusions References

Hypotension during intermittent hemodialysis is common, and has been attributed to acute volume shifts, shifts in osmolarity, electrolyte imbalance, temperature changes, altered vasoregulation, and sheer hypovolemia. Although hypovolemia may intuitively seem a likely cause for hypotension in intensive care patients, its role in the pathogenesis of intradialytic hypotension may be overestimated.

Imbalance band market is an alternative to traditional structures which proposed ensure that system frequency remains within acceptable bounds. In imbalance environment, the load-serving entities (LSEs) can purchase bands or reduce load deviation by operating a battery energy storage (BESS) avoid penalty for causing imbalance. The concept would be effective in sharing balancing responsibility b...