in this paper, using kakwani-son method, price elasticity of poverty is calculated for taxed edible goods in the year 2004. this elasticity shows the total effect of price changes on poverty. the total effect is the sum of redistribution and income effects of price change. in fact, the redistribution effect tells us whether an increase in the price of a commodity hurts the poor more than the ri...

We find that hotel mergers increase occupancy. In some specifications, price also rises. These effects occur only in markets with high capacity utilization and high uncertainty. These findings lead us to reject simple models of price or quantity competition in favor of models of “revenue management,” where firms price to fill available capacity in the face of uncertain demand. JEL classificatio...

many reports that appeared during the last 20 years have shown that atmospheric pollution causes serious damage to human health and to environment. electricity generation from fuel fossil is one of the major sources of pollution and considerable share of this damage. the price of electricity in iran, as in many other countries also, includes only the production of private costs and ignores any ...

We investigate the importance of “what”-flexibility on top of “where”and “when”-flexibility for alternative emission control schemes that prescribe long-term temperature targets and eventually impose additional constraints on the rate of temperature change. We find that “what”-flexibility substantially reduces the compliance costs under alternative emission control schemes. When comparing polic...

We motivate the formulation of market equilibrium as a mixed complementarity problem which explicitly represents weak inequalities and complementarity between decision variables and equilibrium conditions. The complementarity format permits an energy-economy model to combine technological detail of a bottom-up energy system with a second-best characterization of the overall economy. Our primary...

abstract i n this paper, we investigate the existence and the nature of real exchange rate misalignment in organization of the petroleum exporting countries (opec). to do this we estimated a cross country basic real exchange rate determination model for 1990-2012 and extracted historic trend of misalignment. the results imply that all opec countries have had misalignment -of different kinds tho...

We study the impact of crossholdings on the efficiency of the standard auction formats. If both bidders with crossholdings and bidders without crossholdings participate in the auction process, neither the first-price auction nor the second-price auction is efficient. The ascending auction is not equivalent to the second-price auction. In a class of examples, the ascending auction is efficient. ...

This paper analyzes the output]energy relationship with alternative measures of output and energy. Our analysis rejects the hypothesis of non-diminishing returns to energy consumption when GDP at purchasing power parities is used as the output measure unlike the case with GNP at market exchange rates. This finding also holds when energy input includes the usage of both commercial and traditiona...

In this paper we present empirical facts on oil exploitation and a model that can replicate some of these facts. In particular, we show that the time path of the oil price, on the one hand, and the extraction and discovery rate, on the other hand, seem to follow a U-shaped and an inverted U-shaped relationship, respectively, which is confirmed by simple non-parametric estimations. Next, we pres...