The wastewater from petroleum industries contains high organic matter content, oil and grease, dissolved solids and turbidity. The petroleum wastewater normally treated in a plant comprising of primary, secondary and tertiary treatments. The high organic loading needs to be treated in biological treatment step. Biological treatment can be suspended growth or attached growth type. Activated slud...

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are genotoxic chemicals commonly found in effluents from oil refineries. Bioassays using plants and cells cultures can be employed for assessing environmental safety and potential genotoxicity. In this study, the genotoxic potential of an oil refinery effluent was analyzed by means of micronucleus (MN) testing of Alium cepa, which revealed no effect after...

This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm-based method to optimize the production schedule of the fuel oil and asphalt section in a petroleum refinery. Two Genetic Algorithm models were developed to establish the sequence and size of all production shares. A special mutation operator was also proposed to minimize the number of changes in the production. A multi-objective fitness evaluation techni...

I estimate how unexpected increases in the costs of the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS), a marketbased policy, affected U.S. oil refinery prices, markups, marginal costs, and production decisions. The results highlight the risks of failing to account for imperfect competition, multi-product firms, or both when creating policies. First, increases in the costs of the RFS were more than fully passed...

Forecasting of petroleum production time series is a key task underlying scheduling of oil refinery production. In turn, forecasting requires analysing whether time series exhibits chaotic behavior. In this paper we consider chaos analysis based forecasting of time series of gasoline and diesel production. Chaos analysis is based on Lyapunov exponents and includes determination of optimal value...

Antisera were raised against nine strains which had been isolated from phenol-acclimated oil refinery activated sludge. Although several antisera reacted significantly with the activated sludge during a period of adaptation to phenol, only an antiserum against one of the isolates, Alcaligenes sp. E2, reacted with the activated sludge after the adaptation period. A kinetic pattern of phenol-oxyg...

In the present study, the aflatoxin B1 contamination at various stages of oil refining and in refined oil were carried out. This was subsequently compared with commercial vegetable oil samples. Among the 23 different sunflower oil samples were tested, 10 of them showed positive results to AFB1 and the remaining 13 showed negative results to AFB1. All the refined oil samples were free from AFB1 ...