BACKGROUND The flaviviruses causing tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) persist at low but consistent levels in tick populations, despite short infectious periods in their mammalian hosts and transmission periods constrained by distinctly seasonal tick life cycles. In addition to systemic and vertical transmission, cofeeding transmission has been proposed as an important route for the persistence of ...

in this paper, by using dynamic stochastic general equilibrium, optimal monetary rule derived for central bank of iran. monetary transmission mechanism of the model includes four equations, aggregate demand, aggregate supply, oil price and taylor rule. we have proved that dynamic structure of aggregate demand relation, regarding monetary inflation in iran, is a function of money growth rate. wi...