Medically, the oil-in-water nanosized emulsions are used mainly as delivery carriers for lipophilic drug molecules which show therapeutic activity when administered via parenteral, ocular and transdermal routes. To extract multifunctional activities, the nanosized emulsions containing neutral, anionic and cationic charges over dispersed oil droplets are designed with the help of variety of exci...

This paper proposes an underwater monitoring system built with sensors distributed over a subsea infrastructure, which is responsible for operation and transportation of oil production. We consider the use of currently available equipment. Data is transmitted by underwater acoustic modems installed on the sensors, platforms and vessels used for logistic support of the oil exploration. These ves...

mined, we observed strong reactivity among sera from patients infected with HIV-1 and weak reactivity of antibodies in sera from blood donors. Despite these considerations, this preliminary study supports the view that HHV-8 is easily transmitted by sexual routes, mostly among homosexual or bisexual men and patients with AIDS. It also emphasizes that HHV-8 circulates among healthy men in São Pa...

Horizontal transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) among hospital patients and medical staff has been well documented.1, 2) In most instances, HBV infection simply results in elevated antibody titers to HBV without any clinical symptoms, though fatal, fulminant hepatitis results in rare cases.3) The major route of the horizontal transmission of HBV is contact with infected blood.4) Minor routes...

Identifying the transmission sources and reservoirs of Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is a long-standing question for pneumococcal epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and vaccine policy. Here we use serotype to identify SP transmission and examine acquisitions (in the same household, local community, and county, or of unidentified origin) in a longitudinal cohort of children and adults from the...

Host populations for the plague bacterium, Yersinia pestis, are highly variable in their response to plague ranging from near deterministic extinction (i.e., epizootic dynamics) to a low probability of extinction despite persistent infection (i.e., enzootic dynamics). Much of the work to understand this variability has focused on specific host characteristics, such as population size and resist...