after the soviet union fragmentation, the attentions of regional and international countries have turned to this region for oil and gas discovery in the caspian basin. after that, this region enjoys more geopolitical importance increasingly. therefore, the main question is:” what factors can influence the new geopolitics of the caspian basin?” it seems that, some issues such as the lack of a...

Hepatitis C is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease in Latin America. It is essential to understand the different mechanisms of transmission of the infection in order to design control measures. The pattern of transmission of the infection in our region suggests that the peak of the infection occurred 30 to 50 years ago. While most infections in Latin America seem to be the re...

The definitive identification of the hepatitis C genome in 1989 resulted in confirmation that this virus is a worldwide health problem.(1) The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease and is one of the principal indications for liver transplantation. It is estimated that about four million Americans harbor hepatitis C antibodies. The virus is present in ...

Some parasites move from one host to another via trophic transmission, the consumption of the parasite (inside its current host) by its future host. Feeding links among free-living species can thus be understood as potential transmission routes for parasites. As these links have different dynamic and structural properties, they may also vary in their effectiveness as trophic transmission routes...

The most common transmission routes are direct cattle-to-cattle contact, contaminated milk and milking equipment, and aerosols moving between animals over short distances (few meters), so any prevention method that can mitigate those routes will reduce the size and duration of outbreaks. Less common transmission routes include semen from infected bulls and perhaps long-distance airborne pathoge...

In a grid computing environment, the network characteristics such as bandwidth and latency affect the task performance. The demands for bandwidth of wide-area networks become large and it reaches more than 100 Gbps. In this article, we focus on parallel routes transmission, such as link aggregation, to realize large bandwidth network. The performance of grid computing with parallel routes trans...

conclusions: there are important deficits in adolescents’ knowledge about hbv that requires attention of health educators to tailor educational programs for specific groups. objectives: the aim of this study was to assess iranian adolescents’ knowledge about hepatitis b (hbv) and associated factors. patients and methods: we conducted a questionnaire-based national survey of 18-year-old adolesce...