background & aim: acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) is an infectious disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the awareness of hiv preventive measures and its transmission routes have an important role in controlling the hiv infection in the society. regarding this, the present study aimed to investigate the awareness and attitudes of the high school students regarding hiv...

Abstract Current infection-control guidelines subscribe to a contact/droplet/airborne paradigm that is based on outdated understanding. Here, we propose modify and align existing with more accurate description of the different transmission routes. This will improve effectiveness control measures as transmissible variants severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerge.

Plants are hosts to complex communities of endophytic bacteria that colonize the interior of both below- and aboveground tissues. Bacteria living inside plant tissues as endophytes can be horizontally acquired from the environment with each new generation, or vertically transmitted from generation to generation via seed. A better understanding of bacterial endophyte transmission routes and mode...

In this paper, an algorithm based on ladder diffusion and ACO [5,6] is proposed to solve the power consumption and transmission routing problems in wireless sensor networks. The proposed ladder diffusion algorithm is employed to route paths for data relay and transmission in wireless sensor networks, reducing both power consumption and processing time to build the routing table and simultaneous...

Barrage relays networks (BRNs) are mobile ad hoc networks based on an autonomous cooperative communication scheme that eliminates the need for link-based coordination between nodes (e.g., collision avoidance and routing). BRNs are therefore based on a physical layer resource that is not a single link, but a region of cooperative, multi-hop transport fabric. Simultaneous unicast flows in BRNs ca...

A common approach to assessing the relative importance of different transmission routes is to eliminate transmission through one route and assume that the ratio "number of cases eliminated:number of residual cases" measures the relative importance of the eliminated route vis-à-vis the residual transmission route. A quantitative model is used to generate synthetic data similar to those analyzed ...

Pretreatment routes of oil palm biomass.

Little is presently known about the specific routes of transmission of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8). To investigate whether this agent might be transmitted vertically from mother to infant, we conducted a study on 89 KSHV seropositive mothers and their newborn infants. Thirteen mothers (14.6%) had KSHV DNA detected in their peripheral blood monon...

introduction: nowadays, hiv is mostly spreading in asian countries. one of the important routes for hiv transmission in these countries is the vertical route which infects 35% to 45% of newborns. mother’s education, drug prophylaxis and cesarean section, accompanied by banning breastfeeding will decrease this rate to 2%. therefore, mothers’ knowledge about prevention of mother to child transmis...