This paper presents a new sectional flexibility factor to simulate the reduction of the stiffness of a single-edge open cracked beam. The structural model for crack of the beam is considered as a rotational spring which is related to the ratio of crack depth to the beam height, a/h. The mathematical model of this single-edge open crack beam is considered as an Euler-Bernoulli beam. The modified...

in this paper, buckling of simply supported column with an edge crack is investigated numerically and analytically. four different scenarios of damage severities are applied to a column, open crack assumption and the effect of closing crack in stability of the column which depends on position and size of cracks, are numerically compared. crack surfaces contact is modeled with gap element using ...

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement is a polymeric material that is widely used as a structural orthopedic material. However, it is not an ideal material for bone grafting due to its fragility. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been introduced in order to reinforce PMMA resulting in a composite material which exhibits improved tensile properties, increased fatigue resistance and fracture tough...

This paper considers the detection of symmetric crack-like defects in thin metallic plates using longitudinal ultrasonic waves. Only physically small defect sizes are considered in order that the initial stages of crack growth, for example during fatigue, can be detected. This method has the potential to be significantly faster for non-destructively detecting defects than conventional ultrasoni...

This study aimed at using eXtended finite element method (XFEM) to characterize crack growth through bone's intra-cortical pores. Two techniques were compared using Abaqus: (1) void material properties were assigned to pores; (2) multiple enrichment regions with independent crack-growth possibilities were employed. Both were applied to 2D models of transverse images of mouse bone with differing...

Evaluating the integrity of structures is an important issue in engineering applications. The use vibration-based techniques has become a common approach to assessing cracks, which are most frequently occurring damage structures. When involving inverse method, it necessary know influence position and geometry crack on modal parameter changes. crack, both size shape, defines severity (DS). In th...

-Properties of elastic solutions to interface crack problems are discussed in both the open formulation, in which the crack faces are assumed to be traction-free and interpenetration is permitted, and the unilateral formulation, where a contact zone is generally established adjacent to the crack tips. It is shown that if the contact zone is sufficiently small compared with the other dimensions ...

Bone is generally loaded under multiaxial conditions in vivo; as it invariably contains microcracks, this leads to complex mixed-mode stress-states involving combinations of tension, compression and shear. In previous work on the mixed-mode loading of human cortical bone (using an asymmetric bend test geometry), we found that the bone toughness was lower when loaded in far-field shear than in t...

Methods of damage development analyses for various types of composite materials such as 3-D woven composite have not been established sufficiently because it is quite difficult to simulate the failure propagation. A FEM simulation of failure process of 3-D composite was executed by Mibayashi including the thermal residual stresses after the curing process, and the deformations and stresses calc...

Polarimetric optical fibre sensors have been embedded within the 0° ply and close to the 0/90 interface of transparent cross-ply GFRP coupons. The coupons have been subjected to an increasing quasi-static load so that transverse ply cracks initiate and propagate across the coupon. Crack accumulation has been monitored using the optical output signal from the polarimetric sensor, strain measurem...