Correct handling of names and binders is an important issue in meta-programming. This paper presents an embedding of constraint logic programming into the αML functional programming language, which provides a provably correct means of implementing proof search computations over inductive definitions involving names and binders modulo α-equivalence. We show that the execution of proof search in ...

PURPOSE Recent evidence suggests a global burden of chronic cough in general populations. However, the definitions vary greatly among epidemiological studies, and none have been validated for clinical relevance. We aimed to examine previous epidemiological definitions in detail and explore the operational characteristics. METHODS A systematic review was conducted for epidemiological surveys t...

There is abundant literature on how to select and statistically deal with predictors in prediction models. Less attention has been paid to the choice of the outcome. We assessed the impact of different asthma definitions on prevalence estimates and on the prediction model's performances. We searched PubMed and extracted data of definitions used to diagnose childhood asthma (between 6 and 18 yrs...

This paper mirrors an invited talk to ISCISC 2011. It is not a conventional paper so much as an essay summarizing thoughts on a little-talked-about subject. My goal is to intermix some introspection about definitions with examples of them, these examples drawn mostly from cryptography. Underpinning our discussion are two themes. The first is that definitions are constructed. They are i...

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INTRODUCTION Although biomedical HIV prevention efforts have seen a number of recent promising developments, behavioural interventions have often been described as failing. However, clear lessons have been identified from past efforts, including the need to address influential social, economic and legal structures; to tailor efforts to local contexts; and to address multiple influencing factors...

OBJECTIVE to develop the operational and conceptual definitions of the defining characteristics and related factors of the nursing diagnosis Acute Pain (00132) for nonverbal critically ill patients. METHOD integrative literature review in the databases/libraries: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE via Pubmed), Cochrane Library, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and...

Healthy People 2000, with its Midcourse Revisions, presents 319 objectives to improve the health of Americans by the year 2000 (1,2). Because these objectives are national, not solely Federal, the achievement of these objectives is dependent in part on the ability of health agencies at all levels of government to assess objective progress. To permit comparison of local and State health data wit...

China building energy consumption (BEC) has been gradually derived and also sparked attention. However, something worth discussing is estimating the BEC based on the definition of life cycle or building operation. In addition, there exists discrepancy in the previous studies and the real status of BEC has not been known well. In order to settle the disputes over the calculation of BEC, this pap...

ions on the definitions The SARA structural model, not the graph model of behaviour, defines the abstractions and modularity of a system. The formal definitions presented in this section are only applicable to the lowest-level modules, which must have the precise behaviour defined. In the SARA design method, laying out the structural model of the system precedes the drawing of any behavioural g...