BACKGROUND A recent national practice guideline recommends the use of opioids for the treatment of refractory dyspnea in patients with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conducted two qualitative studies to explore the experiences of patients and family caregivers with opioids for refractory COPD-related dyspnea and the perspectives and attitudes of physicians toward opio...

Role of Opioids: Historically opioids are most commonly administered analgesia for postoperative CS pain management. They are used both systemically and neuraxially for postoperative analgesia. Systemic administration is mostly used after general anaesthesia and in places where there is unavailability of long acting preservative free opioids or lack of expertise in its usage. Systemic routes fo...

Objectives To assess the impact of in utero co-exposure to psychotropic medications and opioids on the incidence and severity of neonatal drug withdrawal.Design Observational cohort study.Setting Nationwide sample of pregnancies in publicly insured women in the US, nested in the Medicaid Analytic eXtract (2000-10).Participants 201 275 pregnant women with public insurance who were exposed to opi...

background: opium is a new source of lead and considered as a cause of lead poisoning. as anemia and lead poisoning affect growth and behavior negatively, their timely prevention, diagnosis, and treatment are essential. the aim of thi study is evaluation of the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency anemia, and lead poisoning in children with opioid toxicity. materials and methods: in this cross...

The profound segmental antinociception that epidural opioids offer has increased their use over the last 2 decades. Though side effects may accompany the use of epidural opioids, clinicians have found that the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages. The following case report outlines a patient's postoperative course in which she experienced respiratory depression while receiving epidural opi...