This study hypothesized a relationship between field independence and both attitude toward science and achievement in science. Testing instruments were the Concealed Figures Test, the Scientific Attitude Inventory, classroom achievement tests, and the Henmon-Nelson Test of Mental Ability. Using the Concealed Figures Test, two extreme groups, one field-dependent and the other field-independent, ...

the relationship between optimism and emotion regulation strategies with general health     issazadegan a [1] *, shiekhy s [2]     received: 29july, 2011 accepted: 2october, 2011     abstract   background & aims : individuals use different strategies in emotion regulation, some of them are adoptive and maladaptive that relate to general health. also individual life orientation such as favorable...

In this paper we argue that mutual optimism is not a valid explanation for war. Specifically, we ask if it is the case that war occurs if and only if mutual optimism occurs and if it is the case that the presence of mutual optimism is necessary for a positive probability of war. We show that in models in which either side can choose to fight, the answer to both of these questions is no. Thus, i...

Converging evidence identifies trait optimism and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as personality and brain factors influencing anxiety, but the nature of their relationships remains unclear. Here, the mechanisms underlying the protective role of trait optimism and of increased OFC volume against symptoms of anxiety were investigated in 61 healthy subjects, who completed measures of trait optimis...

There is considerable evidence that optimism, the predisposition to have generalized favorable expectancies for the future, is associated with numerous desirable outcomes. Few studies have examined the association of optimism with emotional distress following the death of a loved one. Doing so is important, because optimism may be an important target for interventions for post-loss psychopathol...

Self-efficacy, optimism and social support have been consistently related to health and functioning. In this study a specific hypothesis was tested: self-efficacy expectations, as a representation of a capable self, and perceived social support, as a representation of a helpful world, shape optimism which is an outcome expectation. Optimism in turn predicts satisfaction with life and depressive...

Converging evidence identifies trait optimism and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as personality and brain factors influencing anxiety, but the nature of their relationships remains unclear. Here, the mechanisms underlying the protective role of trait optimism and of increased OFC volume against symptoms of anxiety were investigated in 61 healthy subjects, who completed measures of trait optimis...

The relationship of optimism with psychological and physical well-being is a well researched topic. Maintaining an optimistic view on life has been shown to reduce depression and help with the recovery process from major surgery. Other daily life events (i.e., job performance) have been found to be positively related to high levels of optimism. The literature on optimism also provides informati...