political marketing shares many characteristics in common with marketing in the business world. in business marketing , sellers dispatch goods, services, and communications[e.g.advertising] to the market and in return, money [consumer purchases], information [consumer research], and customer loyalty are received. in political campaigns, candidates dispatch promises , favors , policy preferences...

I t is clear that the temi social marketing is now a wellestablished part of the marketing vocabulary in universities, govemmetit agencies, private nonprofit organizations, and private for-profit firms. There are now social marketing textbooks (Kotler and Roberto 1989; Manoff 1975), readings books (Fine 1990), chapters within mainstream texts (Kotler and Andreasen 1991) and a Harvard teaching n...

The strategic marketing planning process flows from a mission and vision statement to the selection of target markets, and the formulation of specific marketing mix and positioning objective for each product or service the organization will offer. Leading authors like Kotler present the organization as a value creation and delivery sequence. In its first phase, choosing the value, the strategis...

Research on how retail environments can affect consumer behaviour owes much to the work of Kotler (1974). Coining the term ‘atmospherics’, Kotler (1974) argued that buying environments can be purposefully designed to produce specific emotional effects in shoppers, thereby enhancing their purchase probability. However, it was not until Donovan and Rossiter (1982) that research in this area was p...

A brand is comprised of a name, term, sign, or symbol, any combination these, that attempts to represent the unique benefits company can provide consumers through specific product service, in terms attributes, value, and culture, particular service (Kotler, 1997).

The success of a product depends upon its positioning which in turn is related to its brand name. A brand name may be defined as, a name, term, sign, symbol, or design, or a combination of these, that identifies the manufacturer or seller of a product or service (Kotler and Armstrong, 2002). Zikmund and d’Amico (1984) defined brand as any name, term, symbol sign, design, or unifying combination...

The threat of predation is often the largest cost associated with foraging (Brown & Kotler 2004; Preisser et al. 2005; Creel & Christianson 2008). Foragers primarily assess the threat of predation based on indirect cues of risk, such as microhabitat features and environmental conditions (Orrock et al. 2004; Verdolin 2006). For example, small mammals often respond to the threat of predation by b...

Kotler and Caslione have recently published a new book Chaotics which stresses the importance of scenario analysis in marketing, especially in turbulent times. The goal of this paper is to show how an agent-based simulator could be practically used as a valuable supporting tool for the marketing analysis of opportunities and threats on retail markets.