Two experiments aimed at investigating how working memory capacity (WMC) related to processing wh-extractions in both a grammatical judgment and a translation task by using the Operation Span task. A self-paced paradigm was used to collect response times and accuracy rates. In Experiment 1, results showed that high WMC was related to faster grammatical judgment of the critical region in subject...

PURPOSE This study investigated the level of grammatical accuracy in typically developing 3-year-olds and the types of errors they produce. METHOD Twenty-two 3-year-olds participated in a picture description task. The percentage of grammatical utterances was computed and error types were analyzed. RESULTS The mean level of grammatical accuracy in typical 3-year-olds was ∼71%, with a wide ra...

Abstract This study focused mainly on the shifts of the grammatical cohesion in texts translated from English into Persian. It aimed to identify the grammatical cohesive devices (GCDs) in ST and TT separately, based on Halliday and Hassn's Model (1976), determine the number of occurrences of GCDs in two texts and finally, illustrate types of shifts of grammatical cohesion and strategies used in...

Written corrective feedback has been subject to increasing attention in recent years, in part because of the conceptual controversy surrounding it and in part because of its ubiquitous practice. This study takes a meta-analytic approach to synthesizing extant empirical research, including 21 primary studies. Guiding the analysis are two questions: Does written corrective feedback help to improv...

POS Taggers typically fail to correctly tag grammatical neologisms: for a known word, most taggers will only take known tags into account, and hence discard the possibility that that word is used in a novel or deviant grammatical category in a new text. Grammatical neologisms are relatively rare, and therefore do not pose a significant problem for the overall performance of a tagger. But for st...

We describe extensions to a scheme for evaluating parse selection accuracy based on named grammatical relations between lemmatised lexical heads. The scheme is intended to directly reflect the task of recovering grammatical and logical relations, rather than more arbitrary details of tree topology. There is a manually annotated test suite of 500 sentences which has been used by several groups t...

BACKGROUND Poor comprehenders have difficulty comprehending connected text, despite having age-appropriate levels of reading accuracy and fluency. We used a longitudinal design to examine earlier reading and language skills in children identified as poor comprehenders in mid-childhood. METHOD Two hundred and forty-two children began the study at age 5. Further assessments of language and read...

We describe extensions to a scheme for evaluating parse selection accuracy based on named grammatical relations between lemmatised lexical heads. The scheme is intended to directly reflect the task of recovering grammatical and logical relations, rather than more arbitrary details of tree topology. There is a manually annotated test suite of 500 sentences which has been used by several groups t...