Abstract Research in second language (L2) learning often considers one modality only during task completion. It is unclear if L2 performance as accurate whatever the modality. at school characterized by a predominance of written materials. One might expect word recognition to be more than spoken one. This effect could also depend on proficiency and presence cognate items, closer orthographicall...

In this paper we discuss the methodology behind the construction of elicited imitation (EI) test items. First we examine varying uses for EI tests in research and in testing overall oral proficiency. We also mention criticisms of previous test items. Then we identify the factors that contribute to the difficulty of an EI item as shown in previous studies. Based on this discussion, we describe a...

The current pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study attempts, firstly, to probe the effects of teaching formulaic sequences (FSs) on the second or foreign language (L2)  learners' oral proficiency improvement and secondly, to examine whether teaching FSs through different resources (i.e. animation vs. text-based readings) have any differentially influential effects in augmenting L2  l...

The present study was an attempt to provide a psycholinguistic account of cognitive processes underlying responding and questioning. It also strived to identify the potential differences between responding and questioning cognitive processes in Target Language Use Situation tasks. To accomplish the objectives, 65 Iranian general IELTS applicants from two foreign language learning instit...

Language skills are needed at all times in every segment of social life. The level sound and correct Indonesian language differs for each individual. Testing a person's ability to speak both verbally writing can be done by undergoing the "Indonesian Competency Test." With this, one know proficiency adjust expected needs. Proficiency Test is means measure spoken written Indonesian. UKBI consists...

BACKGROUND A proficiency testing scheme was set up for the DRUID (Driving under the influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines) research project, funded by the European Commission, in which oral fluid is analysed by eleven laboratories. A common collection and analysis methodology is used: Statsure Saliva Sampler is used for collection and LC-MS/MS or GC-MS confirmation analysis of 22 substances...

The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of metacognitive instruction on EFL learners’ metacognitive awareness of listening strategies, listening comprehension, and oral language proficiency. Fifty students of two upper-intermediate English courses participated in the study and were sampled as the experimental and control groups. For sixteen weeks the experimental group participat...

In this paper we describe the language resources developed within the project “Feedback and the Acquisition of Syntax in Oral Proficiency” (FASOP), which is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of various forms of practice and feedback on the acquisition of syntax in second language (L2) oral proficiency, as well as their interplay with learner characteristics such as education level, learn...

Abstract Second language (L2) teachers may shy away from self-assessments because of warnings that students are not accurate self-assessors. This information stems meta-analyses in which self-assessment scores on average did correlate highly with proficiency test results. However, researchers mostly used Pearson correlations, when polyserial could be used. Furthermore, today can computer adapti...