Phytotoxicity of aluminum ion (Al3+) is a serious problem limiting crop production on acid soils. Organic acids with Al-chelating ability play an important role in the detoxification of Al both externally and internally. Al is detoxified externally by the secretion of organic acids such as citric, oxalic, and/or malic acids from the roots. The secretion of organic acids is highly specific to Al...

Filamentous fungi are important cell factories. In contrast, we do not understand well even basic physiological behavior in these organisms. This includes the widespread phenomenon of organic acid excretion. One strong hurdle to fully exploit the metabolic capacity of these organisms is the enormous, highly environment sensitive phenotypic plasticity. In this work we explored organic acid excre...

Many active components of herbal products are small organic anions, and organic anion transporters were previously demonstrated to be a potential site of drug-drug interactions. In this study, we assessed the inhibitory effects of six hydrophilic components of the herbal medicine Danshen, lithospermic acid, protocatechuic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, salvianolic acid B, and tanshi...

in this study, the neutral monosaccharide composition of the extracellular polysaccharide (eps), extracted from thermal bacillus, was determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography. our analysis indicated that the eps consisted of rhamnose, mannose, galactose, glucose, fructose, arabinose and xylose. in addition to the neutral sugars in the eps,...

a new carboxylic acid extractant, named 2-(dibutylcarbamoyl)benzoic acid, is prepared and its potential for selective solvent extraction and recovery of lead ions from industrial samples was investigated. the slope analysis indicated that the lead ions are extracted by formation of 1:2 metal to ligand complexes. the effect of the parameters influencing the extraction efficiency including kind o...

BACKGROUND During the downstream process of bio-based bulk chemicals, organic impurities, mostly residues from the fermentation process, must be separated to obtain a pure and ready-to-market chemical. In this study, capillary electrophoresis was investigated for the non-targeting downstream process monitoring of organic impurities and simultaneous quantitative detection of lactic acid during t...

It is now well recognized that mixed organic-inorganic particles are abundant in the atmosphere. While there have been numerous studies of efflorescence of mixed organic-inorganic particles close to 293 K, there are only a few at temperatures less than 273 K. Understanding the efflorescence properties of these particles at temperatures less than 273 K could be especially important for predictin...

copper oxide nanostructures have been successfully synthesized via one-step solid-state thermolysis of two metal-organic frameworks, [cu3(btc)2] (1) and [cu(tpa).(dmf)] (2), (btc = benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate, tpa = therephtalic acid = 1,4-benzendicarboxylic acid and dmf = dimethyl formamide) under air atmosphere at 400,  500, and 600°c. it has also been found that the reaction temperature pla...

the release rate of potassium (k) from micaceous minerals plays a significant role in supplying k to plants. the objective of this study was to determine the most appropriate kinetic equation to describe potassium release from micaceous minerals as influenced by organic acids. muscovite and phlogopite were made to react with 0, 500, 2000 and 4000 ?m solutions of oxalic, citric and malic acids f...

Demand for organic milk is partially driven by consumer perceptions that it is more nutritious. However, there is still considerable uncertainty over whether the use of organic production standards affects milk quality. Here we report results of meta-analyses based on 170 published studies comparing the nutrient content of organic and conventional bovine milk. There were no significant differen...