Abstract That English has spread in Asia is well-known, but this critical reflection, and the five contributions book review that we hereby introduce, contribute to rectifying relative absence sociology of language literature studies approaching ideologies practices specific Asian contexts from local perspectives. We are not alone; our inspections journal archives show scholars increasingly res...

Literature as the art of word reflects surrounding world in all manifestations associated with historical, social, and general cultural context that affects psychology both author characters his works. The era colonial conquests, growing interest West East gave rise to a special type concept Orientalism, which served kind “ornamentalism” for romantic moods authors their intention present West. ...

the encyclopedia of islam (leiden) is one of the most important / out–standing appearance of a descriptive–historical or phenomenon–logical attitude to the western islamic studies. also it is considered the symbol of specialization in the studies. since history, culture and civilization of iran pre /after islam) and shi, ism are among the important topics of islamic studies, we show that how th...

many expressed definition on «orientalism», including the western concept is the ambiguity of the term with negative connotations, especially in relation to the colonization of europe, is verifiable. edward said's efforts for demystification of it, something of this complexity did not reduce, but anti-western discourse, became the focus of the review. emphasizing the contrast between the e...