background: fistula-in-ano is a problematic perianal disease for physicians and patients because of its occasional difficulty in management. due to the different types of fistulas seen in patients, careful approach is necessary to correctly choose from among the various surgical techniques. one surgical method for complex fistula is the endorectal advancement flap which has been frequently perf...

Orifice-restricted hydrostatic thrust bearings are broadly employed in ultra-precision machine tools, aerospace industries, and so forth. The orifice length–diameter ratio (OLDR) is one of the significant geometrical parameters orifice-restricted bearing, which directly affects performance bearing. To accurately guide design effect OLDR on bearing needs to be thoroughly scientifically investiga...

We report on numerical solutions of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for two-dimensional flow of a superfluid condensate through a small orifice. Above a critical velocity of about 30% of the speed of sound, cavitation occurs in the throat of the orifice. The cavitating bubbles form the cores of singly quantized vortices which detach from the boundary and are convected downstream.

A 4 year-old male presented with effort dyspnea, and was diagnosed as atrioventricular canal defects. This finding was confirmed by open heart surgery, and a congenital double orifice mitral valve was discovered. The septal defect was closed but the double orifice mitral valve was respected because of the absence of hemodynamic disturbance. We report this case with review of literature.

Strong velocity scale effect on cavitation for orifice tunnels was revealed through comparing the results of model tests in vacuum tanks and that of prototype measurements at construction site. A new formula predicting incipient cavitation number of orifice rings is presented in this paper. The predicted data for the prototype scale are coincident well with the prototype measured one.

Background The proximal flow convergence method, a quantitative color Doppler flow technique, has been validated recently for calculating regurgitant flow and orifice area. We investigated the potential of the method as a tool to study different pathophysiological mechanisms of mitral valve incompetence by assessing the time course of regurgitant flow and orifice area and analyzed the implicati...

BACKGROUND How best to define patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) continues to be debated. Over time, the indexed effective orifice area has become the most widely used method. However, the clinical relevance of PPM remains controversial. METHODS The indexed geometric orifice area and indexed effective orifice area were calculated for 143 patients having undergone aortic valve replacement with ...

BACKGROUND Noninvasive assessment of functionally stenotic small-diameter aortic mechanical prostheses is complicated by theoretical constraints relating to the hemodynamic relevance of Doppler-derived transprosthetic gradients. To establish the utility of Doppler echocardiography for evaluation of these valves, 20-mm Medtronic Hall and 19-mm St Jude prostheses were studied in vitro and in vivo...

BACKGROUND Positive-expiratory-pressure (PEP) therapy uses positive airway pressure generated by a either a fixed-orifice resistor or a threshold resistor. We hypothesized that tubing diameter and length, and the diameter of the PEP bottle's air-escape orifice would impact the PEP pressure delivered to the airway and determine whether the PEP bottle acts as a threshold resistor or a fixed-orifi...

Voice production involves sound generation by a confined jet flow through an orifice (the glottis) with a time-varying area. Predictive models of speech production are usually based on the so-called quasi-steady approximation. The flow rate through the time-varying orifice is assumed to be the same as a sequence of steady flows through stationary orifices for wall geometries and flow boundary c...