Since the first transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery was described, various applications and modified procedures have been investigated. Transgastric natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for periotoneoscopy, cholecystectomy, and appendectomy all seem viable in humans, but additional studies are required to demonstrate their benefits and roles in clinical pract...

Numerical investigation of gravity flow of granular solids in a hopper through orifices of different shapes has been conducted using the discrete element method. The simulations are validated by comparing with the experimental results for rapeseed cases. It is observed that with orifices of the same area the flow rate decreases in the order of circle, square, rectangle and triangle, which is si...

Compared to single-hole orifices (SOs), multi-hole orifices (MOs) have smaller orifice sizes and various patterns of orifice distribution. The geometric description of MOs is more complex, increasing the difficulty of MO structural design. Therefore, it is worthwhile to investigate the key factors affecting MO throttle or flow control characteristics and to develop a general MO design method. T...

BACKGROUND Double-orifice mitral valve is an extremely rare cardiac anomaly possibly originating from insufficient endocardial fusion in embryogenesis. Severe concomitant cardiac anomalies and malfunction of the valve usually lead to an early diagnosis in childhood. Therefore the prevalence of isolated double-orifice mitral valve in adulthood is not known. CASE PRESENTATION We present the cas...

ObjectivesIsolated tricuspid valve dysplasia is a rare disease characterized by wide spectrum of possible anomalies. We describe the use Cone concept to treat patient with double-orifice massive regurgitation and severe deficit coaptation.MethodsThree adult patients congenital non-Ebstein anomaly coaptation deficiency underwent repair applying technique. In particular, we case symptomatic 21-ye...

INTRODUCTION Anatomically guided left atrial ablation is used increasingly for treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). Three-dimensional mapping systems used for pulmonary veins (PV) encircling ablation procedures anticipate a stable size and position of the PV orifice. The aim of the current study was therefore to analyze changes of PV orifice size and location throughout the cardiac cycle usin...

Mitral effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) using the flow convergence (FC) method is used to quantify the severity of mitral regurgitation (MR). However, it is challenging and prone to interobserver variability in complex valvular pathology. We hypothesized that real-time three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiography (RT3D TEE) derived anatomic regurgitant orifice area (AROA) ca...

Orifice-weir structures at ditch outlets are proposed to reduce peak drainage rates during high flows and to store water during the growing season in poorly drained managed pine plantations. Two coastal watersheds, one conventionally drained (D1) and another with an orifice-weir outlet (D3), were monitored to examine the effects of this orifice treatment on drainage outflows and nutrient export...

An experimental investigation of the operating characteristics of 3.2 mm diameter orificed hollow cathodes was conducted to examine low-current and low flow rate operation. Cathode power was minimized with low orifice aspect ratio and the use of an enclosed keeper. Cathode flow rate requirements were proportional to orifice diameter and the inverse of the orifice length. Cathode temperature pro...