background : few studies have focused on syndromic data to determine levels of alarm thresholds to detection of meningitis outbreaks. the purpose of this study was to determine threshold levels of meningitis outbreak in hamadan province, west of iran . methods : data on both confirmed and suspected cases of meningitis (fever and neurological symptom) form 21 march 2010 to 20 march 2012 were use...

food safety issues are not a new issue in science, but due to the dynamic changes in the modern world it is as equally important as decades ago. the aim of the study was to address the efforts in the development of a comprehensive food safety system in serbia, and make specific recommendations regarding the improvement of epidemiological investigation capacity as a useful tool which contributes...

background: following the outbreak of eltor cholera in iraq’s kurdistan, iran was threatened through the western border. therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the health system response of marivan city in kurdistan province (iran) as a risky gateway for the outbreak of eltor cholera epidemic in iran. materials and methods: this cross-sectional study was implemented in marivan ...

Influences from the parental environment can be transmitted to offspring via parental effects and may profoundly affect the phenotype expressed in subsequent generations, for example, germination season in plants (e.g. Galloway 2001), offspring size (e.g. Naguib & Gil 2005; Taborsky 2006), natal dispersal (e.g. Tschirren et al. 2007) and egg quality (Blount et al. 2002) in several bird and fish...

After the massive outbreak of infections with Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) of serotype O104:H4 in Germany in the summer of 2011, post-outbreak surveillance for further infections with this type of STEC was maintained until the end of 2011. This surveillance was based on national mandatory reporting of STEC infections and the associated complication of haemolytic uraemic syndrom...

One of the most exciting and challenging tasks facing an epidemiologist working in a public health department is investigating an outbreak. Frequently, the cause and source of the outbreak are unknown. Sometimes large numbers of people are affected. Often, the people in the community are concerned because they fear more people, including themselves, may be stricken unless the cause is found soo...

An efficient and effective freight transport strategy can be aided by early professional contributions from key stakeholders. One broad group who have historically been given limited opportunity to influence the drafting of a freight strategy, are commercial road users and shippers who manufacture and distribute goods. Utilising a data set collected in Australia in 1996 from a sample of organis...

s:Lee, K.M.; Ogston, A.S.; Nittrouer, C.A. Export and Retention of Fine-Grained Sediment on theIntertidal Complex of a Small Mountainous River: Skagit River Tidal Flats. AGU ChapmanConference on Source to Sink Systems Around the World and Through Time. Oxnard, CA. 24 Jan2011.Nowacki, D.J. and Ogston, A.S. Multiple scales of controls on sediment transport in intertidal flats:...