t i o n ) 4 7 : V a r i a b l e d i r e c t l y a f t e r \ i s b o u n d , a n y o c c u r r e n c e a f t e r i s b o u n d t o \ , e l s e f r e e 4 8 : e t a r e d u c t i o n : \ x . f ( x ) > f w h e r e f ( x ) i s a f u n c t i o n 4 9 : R e d u c i n g : r e n a m i n g a n d s u b s t i t u t i n g u n t i l i t i s p u t i n t o n o r m a l f o r m . 5 0 : E x t e n s i o n : s e t o...

in this paper, asymmetric effects of exchange rate fluctuation (according to positive and negative shocks) on real output were investigated. in the meantime, the study of behaviour of real output growth in iran’s economy over the period 1338-1386 was done. in specification of the output growth equation, in spite of considering positive and negative shocks of exchange rate, the effects of other ...

The originator of the comprehensible output hypothesis, Merrill Swain (Swain, 1985), does not claim that CO is responsible for all or even most of our language competence. Rather, the claim is that "sometimes, under some conditions, output facilitates second language learning in ways that are different form, or enhance, those of input" (Swain and Lapkin, 1995, p. 371). A look at the data, howev...

Knowledge in the medical field is generated, tested, and modified every minute. Surely, few activities undergo as much questioning and so many changes. Every medical act, every response to therapy, every surgical outcome is a possible update to medical concepts. If all of these impressions were published without any scrutiny, they would cause confusion about established principles; so that it d...

of time the influence of matter on life and mind will gradually become obliterated and replaced by the influence of mind and its transcendent successors in the great steps of creative evolution." Therefore, "the remote successors of man may be free and independent of matter with infinite possibilities of future progress notwithstanding the complete dissolution of the universe." Pure thought, th...

DAVID J. CHALMERS studied mathematics at Adelaide University and as a Rhodes Scholar at the University of Oxford, but a fascination with consciousness led him into philosophy and cognitive science. He has a Ph.D. in these fields from Indiana University and is currently in the department of philosophy at the University of California, Santa Cruz. Chalmers has published numerous articles on artifi...

right ventricular failure due to right coronary artery disease, right ventricular hypertrophy, stunning, abnormal septal motion, myocardial infarction, or non-homogeneous distribution of cardioplegia is an uncommon but serious complication of open heart surgery. we report a patient with severe right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to severe mitral valve stenosis and another patient with detac...