This study aims to trace the achievements of athletes from several sports. used a descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques using observation, questionnaires, and documentation. In this study, subjects were who still actively training. The results showed that social agent aspect had an impact on athlete achievement, namely: parents (74%) in good category, coaches (81%) teachers...

This study assessed the construct validities and the relationships between Optimism [21], Hope [27], Self-Efficacy [18], and Locus of Control [12]. The validities and relationships between these scales were examined not only because they are to some degree rival constructs but also because there is an outstanding theoretical question in the literature of whether each of these variables is a sta...

We investigate the relation between one-year reserve risk and ultimate in Mack Chain Ladder model a simulation study. The first goal is to validate so-called linear emergence pattern formula, which maps loss loss, case when we measure risks with Value-at-Risk. second estimate true of i.e., conditional distribution given from can properly derive for horizon simulations losses. Finally, our third...

For as long as anyone remembers non-life insurance companies have used the so called chain ladder method to reserve for outstanding liabilities. When historical payments of claims are used as observations then chain ladder can be understood as estimating a multiplicative model. In most non-life insurance companies a mixture of paid data and expert knowledge, incurred data, is used as observatio...

Introduction: Medical claim is one of the most concerning subjects for both patients and physicians. In addition, it has lots of financial and nonfinancial costs for health care systems. To define the number and causes of medical claims against dentists of Rasht since 2006 till 2011in Guilan medical council. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cross - sectional study was performed since 200...

we show a lot of respect for science today. to back up our claims, we tend to appeal to scientific methods. it seems that we all agree that these methods are effective for gaining the truth. we can ask why science has its special status as a supplier of knowledge about our external world and our bodies. of course, one should not always trust what scientists say. nonetheless, epistemological jus...