This study compares velar movements for nasal vowels and consonants; it investigates contextual nasalisation; and it provides new data on how nasalisation is affected by speech rate. Velar position is measured with an electromagnetic articulatograph (EMA) for two French speakers. Our results confirm that (i) nasal vowels are produced with a lower velum height than nasal consonants; (ii) the con...

Three recent papers [5, 11, 8] have considered in complementary ways the combinatorial consequences of assuming that three squares overlap in a string. In this paper we provide a unifying framework for these results: we show that in 12 of 14 subcases that arise the postulated occurrence of three neighbouring squares forces a breakdown into highly periodic behaviour, thus essentially trivial and...

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients are at increased risk of sleep-disorders. The concomitant occurrence of COPD and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is named overlap syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate the severity of OSAHS in overlap syndrome patients.Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adult patients with forced...

Autoimmune liver disease is a heterogeneous group of diseases in which the body’s immune cells and antibodies are directed against its own components tissue. The main from this are: autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), sclerosing cholangitis. Most often there classical monovariants disease, but some cases, manifestations two forms observed at once. term “overlap syndro...